Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674) was an English statesman, lawyer, diplomat and historian who served as chief advisor to Charles I during the First English Civil War, and Lord Chancellor to Charles II from 1660 to 1667. One of the most famous quotes attributed to him and present in the newspapers throughout the 18th and 19th century, included the phrase "weary of life, and yet are most unwilling to die", similar to the Riverside Desktop Poem title of "sick of living, unwilling to die". This on its own wouldn't be that interesting, but for the fact that Zodiac cryptologist, David Oranchak, showed that Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon featured in a book called “The life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, lord high chancellor of England: Volume 2", detailing his life from birth to his banishment in 1667, in which a chunk of text comprising of 46 consecutive letters could fit into the 408 cipher. Although David Oranchak described this as a one in eleven billion chance, he stated "don’t be fooled by this. Just because this rare event occurred, doesn’t mean it is anything more than a simple coincidence".

​However, the phrase "unwilling to die" was not only part of the Riverside Desktop Poem title, it had relevance to both the Confession letters and Bates letters. The phrase "to die" appears a further four times in these letters, and the desktop poem title uses the word "unwilling", to which the Confession letter states "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "She went very willingly". But probably the most interesting aspect of the Edward Hyde text featuring in Zodiac's 408 cipher, is that Edward Hyde regularly used ciphers to communicate with King Charles II of England during his exile [1] [2]. Therefore, it is strange that the text from the Edward Hyde book, who himself dealt in ciphers, featured in a cipher by Zodiac, whether accidental or not. You might believe the coincidences stop there, but they don't.   

King Charles II of England, who exchanged ciphers with Edward Hyde, also had loose connections to the 408 cipher. King Charles II of England, who reigned from 1660 to 1685, was known for the Restoration of the monarchy after the English Civil War and the period of the Commonwealth. He was also a patron of the arts and sciences, and his reign saw the publication of John Milton's Paradise Lost, an epic poem in blank verse by the English poet John Milton (1608–1674). The first version, published in 1667, consists of ten books with over ten thousand lines of verse. Both Milton and Hyde died in the same year..

Milton scholar John Leonard interpreted the "impious war" between Heaven and Hell as civil war. Paradise Lost is, among other things, a poem about civil war. Satan raises "impious war in Heav'n" by leading a third of the angels in revolt against God. The term "impious war" implies that civil war is impious. But Milton applauded the English people for having the courage to depose and execute King Charles I. In his poem, however, he takes the side of "Heav'n's awful Monarch".

​Critics have long wrestled with the question of why an antimonarchist and defender of regicide should have chosen a subject that obliged him to defend monarchical authority. Both Milton’s prose works and poetry were banned. The prose was banned by King Charles II because Milton passionately and publicly opposed the two most powerful institutions of his day: the British monarchy and the established church (Anglican in England and Scotland and Catholic worldwide)..When Charles II was restored to the English throne in 1660, he issued a proclamation calling for two of Milton's books to be publicly burned by the hangman. Here is a Charles II copy of John Milton's Paradise Lost from 1667 (the date of its publication), stamped in gilt with the cipher of Charles II on the cover. The spine of the book was spelled "PARADICE LOST".

I dug a little further and found this 1890 book of Paradise Lost from the Library of Congress (see below). Chapter VII contained the text "A mercy-seat of gold, between the wings of two bright Cherubim; before him burn seven lamps as in a Zodiac representing the heavenly fires". The word "Zodiac" appeared in Chapter 7, line 255, of page 408. We now had "paradise", "Zodiac" and "408" in John Milton's book, a renowned epic poem first published in 1667, exploring the biblical story of the Fall of Man. John Milton, King Charles II and Edward Hyde from the 17th century can all be somewhat linked to the 408 cipher. 

In previous articles I attempted to show the common methodology employed by the Zodiac Killer and the Riverside author of the Confession letter through the use of historical microfiche searches, such as "man is the most dangerous animal of all" from 1932 (The Most Dangerous Game), and "it was about time for her to die" from 1888 (Jack the Ripper). This unusual approach possibly being the product of one mind and one author. The murderer of Cheri Jo Bates and the typist of the Confession letter on November 29th 1966 (if one person) would have been somebody who savagely cut the throat of Cheri Jo Bates seven times. The author of the letter stated that they would "cut off her female parts and deposit them for the whole city to see", had "finished the job out cutting her throat", threatened that he was "stalking your girls now", and possibly used a phrase from "The Sturdy Beggar" newspaper article from 1888 of "it was about time for her to die". A phrase (other than the reporting of the Confession letter) was only found in one publication in 334 years. The notion that the murderer of Cheri Jo Bates was influenced by "Jack the Ripper" now didn't seem so fanciful. So I took a look at the media events in 1966. 

There was some standard fare, such as the release of the movie "A Study in Terror", with Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson on the trail of Jack the Ripper in Whitechapel. Although a 1965 release in the United Kingdom, it made its American debut on August 10th 1966 in the USA, about eleven weeks before the murder of Cheri Jo Bates. "A Study in Terror" was also made into a book in 1966, featuring the fictional detective Ellery Queen. However, 1966 became a significant year in the story of Jack the Ripper, when long lost Ripper letters were released into the public domain by Dr. Francis Camps, Britain's leadng murder pathologist. Letters that hadn't seen the light of day for nearly 80 years, and told of a sender who promised that "The next job I do I shall clip the lady's ears off and send them to the police" (corrected for spelling).

The Jack the Ripper letters were unearthed by a man sent to search through old files in a London hospital, who turned them over to Dr. Francis Camps. Understanding their historical value he first published them in the London Hospital Gazette, before they were more widely circulated in the public domain. Numerous newspapers throughout America carried the message of the Jack the Ripper letters being published, so it is noteworthy that the Confession letter author typed "I then finished the job out cutting her throat. I am not sick. I am insane. But that will not stop the game. This letter should be published for all to read it. It just might save that girl in the alley. But that's up to you. It will be on your conscience. Not mine. Yes I did make that call to you also. It was just a warning". Confessions to murders and warnings ever present in the released Ripper letters. On September 25th 1888 a letter addressed to the police commissioner stated that "You will soon hear of me and my funny little games", A game that the Confession letter author promised would not stop.

Were the Riverside Desktop Poem, the Confession letter and Bates' letters the product of mimicry from a disturbed mind, who wanted to replicate the terror of Whitechapel's Jack the Ripper to the streets of Riverside, warning the residents to "Keep your sisters, daughters and wives off the streets and alleys", and that they would "cut off female parts and deposit them for the whole city to see". 

The final trigger may have been The Press newspaper on November 24th 1966, which compared the abduction of a 19-year-old girl to that of Cheri Jo Bates, five days before the Confession letter arrived. The unknown perpetrator in that case, after the young woman declined an offer of a ride in his vehicle, remarked  "Well, after all, I'm not Jack the Ripper". How much influence, if any, did the release of numerous Jack the Ripper letters and postcards in 1966 have on the Confession letter author - along with the accompanying Riverside Desktop Poem and Bates' letters? This was a momentous year for many Ripper enthusiasts, who could now cast their eyes over these grizzly new published communications. But was the Riverside author, possibly responsible for all three offerings in 1966, one of them? A killer who may have taken his "dangerous game" to the unsuspecting residents of the Bay Area of northern California. 

JACK THE RIPPER- A SEVEN PART EXPLORATION TO RIVERSIDE AND THE BAY AREA  

Recently I have been examining whether the Zodiac Killer was responsible for both the Confession letters on November 29th 1966 by searching for historic text in the newspapers of yesteryear. In the Confession letter the author typed "it was about time for her to die", which was seemingly plucked from The Evening Bulletin newspaper from Providence, Rhode Island on December 11th 1888 (the year of Jack the Ripper). I have only found this phrase of eight words in one newspaper prior to 1966.

​On July 31st 1969, the infamous Zodiac Killer took the wording "man is the most dangerous animal of all" from the utterances of Merian C. Cooper, which I have found quoted in only three newspapers prior to 1969. All three were from 1932, the release date of "The Most Dangerous Game" movie, whose associate producer was Merian C. Cooper. The author of the Confession letter and July 31st 1969 letters both seemingly plagiarized eight consecutive words from newspapers, 78 years and 37 years previous. 

The Confession letter author also appeared to plagiarize wording from "The Press" newspaper on November 24th 1966 (five days earlier}, which ran an article where the offender was quoted as saying "I'm not Jack the Ripper". Therefore, I considered the possibility that its author may travel back to 1888 and search microfiche reels, in order to subtly place a quote from the times of Jack the Ripper into the Confession letter. It appears the Confession letter author found "it was about time for her to die" in a piece called "The Sturdy Beggar", which ran alongside the Ripper stories. As of writing, I have found this sequence of eight words in only one newspaper in 334 years, other than reporting about the Confession letter. Present in a newspaper from 1888. 

But if the Confession letter author scoured the newspapers from 1888, where would they most likely focus when composing the typed letters? There is a good chance that the Confession letter author would initially focus their search in the direction of notable "Jack the Ripper" events in the newspapers. Three of which were widely reported in the newspapers in early October 1888.

​The "Saucy Jacky" postcard was postmarked October 1st 1888, just one day after the "double event" murders of Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes on September 30th 1888. The other, was a letter from September 29th 1888 to the Central News agency, eventually forwarded to the Metropolitan Police two days later. The text from this letter was featured in several American newspapers, including the Abilene Weekly newspaper from Kansas on October 4th 1888.

The letter (see below), beginning "Dear Boss" and ending "Jack the Ripper", contained the wording "The next job I do I shall cut off the lady's ear and send it to the police". The Confession letter read "I shall cut off her female parts and deposit them for the whole city to see" and "I then finished the job out cutting her throat". It wasn't necessarily the similarity of "I shall cut off" and the use of the word "job" that caught my eye. It was another newspaper article from the same day the "Jack the Ripper" letter appeared on October 4th 1888, that had the well known phrase from Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, featured under the sub-headline "Gems of Thought". It read "Those who are weary of life, and yet are most unwilling to die". The Riverside Desktop Poem was entitled "Sick of living/unwilling to die". Although not exact, the famous quote from Edward Hyde appeared in at least 125 newspaper articles in the 19th century, including 1888. The phraseology is extremely similar, with both expressing a disappointment of life, followed by the wording "unwilling to die". 

In total, we have "man is the most dangerous animal of all" from 1932, "it was about time for her to die" from 1888, "I shall cut off" from 1888, and "weary of life, and yet are most unwilling to die" from 1888, all mimicked in three communications linked to the Zodiac Killer. The September 29th 1888 letter somewhat resembling the Confession letter, turning "I shall cut off the lady's ear and send it to the police" into "I shall cut off her female parts and deposit them for the whole city to see". So were the Confession letters and Riverside Desktop Poem created close to one another? Both inspired from the newspaper archives of Jack the Ripper in 1888. Did the Zodiac Killer "not stop the game" promised in the Confession letter, when he began his "Most Dangerous Game" in the Bay Area in 1969?

​What is rather amazing, is that in 2012 David Oranchak released an article showing how 46 consecutive characters from the book “The life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, lord high chancellor of England: Volume 2” could fit into a chunk of ciphertext in the 408 cipher. Although Dave Oranchak downplayed this one in eleven billion chance, it appears at the time he wrote this article he was unaware of the famous Edward Hyde quote of "Those who are weary of life, and yet are most unwilling to die", which was extremely similar to the Riverside Desktop Poem.title of "Sick of living/unwilling to die". Was this another bridge from Riverside to the Bay Area? The chunk of text in the 408 cipher was HEBESTPARTOFITIATHAEWHENIDIEIWILLBEREBORNINPAR. It contained the word "die", just like the Riverside Desktop Poem (twice), the Confession letter (once) and the Bates' letters (three times).  All three Riverside communications contained the phrase "to die". See link below. 

​
​JACK THE RIPPER AND THE CONFESSION LETTER          THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MURDER

                       EDWARD HYDE IN THE 408 CIPHER - DAVID ORANCHAK

In a previous article I examined the notion that the Confession letter mailed on November 29th 1966 was the forerunner to the July 31st 1969 Zodiac letters. When "The Most Dangerous Game" movie was released in 1932, its associate producer, Merian C. Cooper, reflected on the evil of the human condition and stated "man is the most dangerous animal of all". This would be the wording used by the Zodiac Killer in his decrypted 408 cipher, solved by Donald and Bettye June Harden on August 8th 1969. Thirteen years after "The Most Dangerous Game" was released, "A Game of Death" starring John Loder and Audrey Long opened in US cinemas on November 23rd 1945. A poor remake of the original, the only real difference was that the evil Russian, Count Zaroff, had turned into the insane German, Erich Kreiger.

​This later movie featured on television throughout California from November 5th 1966 to November 8th 1966 - so if the Zodiac Killer was present in Riverside (or California) during this period, and was responsible for any of the communications down south - could this movie have had any influence on the phrases chosen in the Confession letters? Did the flawed character traits of Count Zaroff and Erich Kreiger, who were insane, heartless, and psychopathic men with a thirst to hunt human beings, form the basis of the wording "I am not sick. I am insane. But that will not stop the game" in the Confession letters on November 29th 1966? That "game" being "a game of death", in which the insanity of Erich Kreiger and the Confession letter author created no barrier to the murderous game and ambitions of either.. "A Game of Death" in 1966 turning into a "Most Dangerous Game" in the Bay Area, two to three years later. The murders in southern and northern California cloaked under the banner of the Richard Connell short story of 1924. ​

There were extremely close similarities between the language used in the Confession letter to the Riverside Desktop Poem. The desktop poem appeared to be reminiscing in the present tense about the attempted murder by knife of Roslyn Atwood (19} on the Riverside City College campus on April 13th 1965, before switching attention to the murder of Cheri Jo Bates on October 30th 1966, writing "Just wait till next time. rh." The footnote being riverside, halloween, the day Cheri Jo Bates' lifeless body was discovered next to the library. An interesting connection was made by Ricardo Gomez of MK-Zodiac, who showed a strong similarity between the headline of the Riverside Daily Press on April 17th 1965, to the opening lines from the desktop poem. The Riverside Daily Press stated "Clean-cut youth sought in stabbing", with the desktop poem beginning "cut, clean, if red/clean. blood spurting, dripping, spilling; all over her new dress". 

Was this just one big game, comparing the "unwillingness" of Roslyn Atwood to die on April 13th 1965 in the desktop poem title, to the murder of Cheri Jo Bates on October 30th 1966, who the author of the Confession letter claimed was as a woman who "went very willingly" to her death. The Riverside Daily Press on April 17th 1965 with the "clean-cut" headline also mentioned that Roslyn Atwood was "stabbed in the lower abdomen with a hunting knife with a 4 1/2 inch blade". Strangely, the morning after the Riverside City College library reconstruction on November 13th 1966 concerning the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, a buried hunting knife with a blade measuring 4 1/2 inches was raked up by a groundskeeper just 50 feet from the location of Cheri Jo Bates' body, in the same driveway. Although this was unlikely the weapon used in the attack on Roslyn Atwood, was the game now being played out in the campus itself? The comparison between the murder of Cheri Jo Bates and Roslyn Atwood was briefly considered in the Riverside Daily Press newspaper published on November 3rd 1966, entitled "Key Clue Goes to C11 Unit". Only briefly, however, because Rolland Lin Taft (19) was still behind bars for the attempted murder of Roslyn Atwood.      

The typed wording on the Confession letter of "I am not sick. I am insane. But that will not stop the game" may have a different meaning. Was the author of the Confession letter, just like the Riverside Desktop Poem, harking back to the attempted murder of Roslyn Atwood in 1965, using a mocking defence of his actions in the stabbing of Cheri Jo Bates? It was reported in the Riverside Daily-Enterprise newspaper on September 11th 1965 that Rolland Taft had pleaded not guilty to the attempted murder of Roslyn Atwood by reason of insanity. It appeared that the author of the Confession letter was doing the same. But I suspect this claim of insanity was just another part of the "game". It must also be noted that one of the Confession letters was mailed to the Riverside Daily-Enterprise.   

When the Zodiac Killer concealed "man is the most dangerous animal of all" in his 408 cipher, he mimicked the exact quote used by Merian C. Cooper upon the release of the 1932 film "The Most Dangerous Game". I have only found this quote in a handful of newspapers from 1932, so how did the Zodiac Killer acquire this from 37 years prior to 1969 without the use of old newspapers, possibly stored on the microfiche from a library? Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, was an English statesman, lawyer, diplomat and historian who served as chief advisor to royalty in the 17th century. The words once used by Edward Hyde of “They who are most weary of life, and yet are most unwilling to die" are extremely similar to the Riverside Desktop Poem title of "sick of living, unwilling to die," who himself survived a murderous attack, when English sailors nearly killed him at Evreux in France in 1668. If the title of the desktop poem had such lofty origins, it would seem that a library would be of great value once more. A history graduate that can migrate from southern to northern California perhaps? 

MERIAN C. COOPER AND "THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME" (1932)

It has recently been shown how phrases from the Riverside newspapers have been used to create the Riverside Desktop Poem in November/December, The Confession letters on November 29th 1966 and the "Bates Had to Die" letters on April 30th 1967. It seems like the author of the desktop poem trawled through old articles from the local newspaper (the Riverside Daily Press), and used "Clean-cut youth sought in stabbing" from April 17th 1965 about the attempted murder of Roslyn Atwood (19). She was stabbed once in the lower abdomen by Rolland Taft while she was walking through a Riverside City College parking lot on April 13th 1965 at 9:30pm. The Riverside Desktop Poem stated "cut, clean, if red/clean. blood spurting, dripping, spilling; all over her new dress". 

The author of the confession letter used the same mimicry on November 29th 1966 by taking phrases and inspiration from the Riverside Press-Enterprise newspaper on November 24th 1966. This newspaper article was about another 19-year-old female college student, who was offered a ride in a man's car and then attacked, just like the claims in the confession letter five days later. The newspaper article stated that the man "grabbed her around the neck". The confession letter author typed "I grabbed her around the neck with my hand over her mouth". The newspaper article stated "I could just hit you in the head with this piece of wood". The confession letter author typed "She let out a scream once and I kicked her in the head to shut her up". The assailant mentioned in the newspaper stated "I'm not Jack the Ripper". The confession letter author typed "But I shall cut off her female parts and deposit them for the whole city to see". At one point the assailant offered to "take her home", with the confession letter author typing he "would give her a lift home".

The author of the "Bates Had to Die" letters continued the theme of mimicry from local newspapers. The sender of the three Bates' letters on April 30th 1967 parroted the words used by Jack Matthews, the Staff Writer of the Press-Enterprise newspaper. On the same day the three threatening letters arrived (one to the Press-Enterprise), he wrote an extensive article about the murder of Cheri Jo Bates and the content in the confession letter, stating "The letter told of how Cheri struggled while she was being stabbed to death and the writer said there would be more killings to come". The author of the Bates' letters mimicked this wording by writing "Bates had to die, there will be more".

​On October 19th 1966, eleven days before the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, The Riverside Daily Press ran an article about David Karp's original drama series on ABC Stage 67. It ran from September 14th 1966 to May 4th 1967, featuring 26 episodes. The episode immediately before the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, aired on October 19th 1966, was entitled "The Confession", in which a lieutenant who was unaware of the latest Supreme Court ruling on murder confessions, attempts to coerce a confession from murder suspect Brandon de Wilde. 

​On June 13th 1966 Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, was a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that law enforcement in the United States must warn a person of their constitutional rights before interrogating them, or else the person's statements or confession cannot be used as evidence at their trial. Specifically, the Court held that under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the government cannot use a person's statements made in response to an interrogation while in police custody as evidence at the person's criminal trial unless they can show that the person was informed of the right to consult with a lawyer before and during questioning, and of the right against self-incrimination before police questioning, and that the defendant not only understood these rights but also voluntarily waived them before answering questions. ​ 

"The Confession" to the murder of Cheri Jo Bates on November 29th 1966 may have been another time the author mimicked the local Riverside newspaper (four times in total), mockingly confessing to a recent murder, knowing that anything he typed was in advance of any Miranda rights being issued. We have the attempted murder of Roslyn Atwood (19) on April 13th 1965, the murder of Cheri Jo Bates (18) on October 30th 1966, the abduction of a young 19-year-old woman on November 22nd 1966, and the fictitious "murder" of Bonnie on October 19th 1966, all wrapped up in three suspicious communications authored in Riverside, using mimicry from the local Riverside newspaper.   

​It is difficult not to see a connection between the Riverside Desktop Poem, Confession letter and Bates' letters when they have the common language of "to die" running through all three, along with the numerous similarities between the poem and the Confession letter, explored here in great detail. A further comprehensive examination of the Confession letter with the then unreleased autopsy report of Cheri Jo Bates, strongly points to an author who knew too much. If the Confession letter author on November 29th 1966 was the murderer of the young college student, then he was very likely responsible for the desktop poem also. 

Only three days after the discovery of Cheri Jo Bates' body on Halloween morning (October 31st 1966), the Riverside Daily Press newspaper published an article on November 3rd 1966 entitled "Key Clue Goes to C11 Unit", comparing the attempted murder of Roslyn Atwood (19) on April 13th 1965 with the murder of Cheri Jo Bates.(18) on the same campus (see below). It was soon discovered that Rolland Taft (19), responsible for the attack on Atwood, was still in jail when Cheri was murdered and therefore was not responsible for her murder and any of the subsequent communications. I suspect that the murderer of Cheri Jo Bates read this newspaper article and composed a desktop poem mentioning how Roslyn Atwood was "unwilling to die" and had escaped to a nearby house after her stabbing. with "blood spurting, dripping and spilling over her new red dress". The author concluded that she wouldn't "die this time," but Cheri Jo Bates wouldn't be so lucky, stating "just wait till next time", The addition of "rh" likely dating her demise as happening in Riverside on Halloween, because that is when her body was discovered.

The poem was predominately structured around the Roslyn Atwood attack, and was possibly written in blue ballpoint pen a matter of days after the November 3rd 1966 newspaper article. The Confession letter on November 29th 1966 likely continued where the desktop poem finished off, by describing that "next time". The Confession letter would contrast the fact that Roslyn Atwood was "unwilling to die" by remarking how Cheri Jo Bates "went to the slaughter like a lamb" and "went very willingly". The Confession letter also used the phrase "to die" again, stating "I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". It must also be noted how the word "time" appeared 5 times in these two communications.   

It is hard to believe that when the desktop poem was discovered in December 1966, a connection wasn't made between the Roslyn Atwood story and the contents of the desktop poem. I have trawled through approximately a dozen newspaper articles about the attempted murder of Roslyn Atwood and found no mention of a "new red dress" in any. All police really had to do was reinterview Roslyn Atwood and discover if she had bought a new red dress shortly before she was stabbed. If she had been able to confirm this fact, it would have placed the desktop poem author and likely murderer of Cheri Jo Bates in her proximity the day she was stabbed. How else could he have reasonably acquired the knowledge she had recently purchased a new red dress and had worn it that night, other than her telling him directly, by somebody who knew Roslyn telling him, or through him overhearing a conversation of her telling someone else?

Roslyn Atwood attended night classes at the Riverside City College and had been attacked traveling home at 9:30pm that night, so it isn't beyond the realms of possibility that the desktop poem author attended the same night class as Roslyn, or had been at the Riverside college for other classes on April 13th 1965. Either way, if police could have confirmed she had bought such a dress and was wearing it when she was stabbed, it would have placed the author of the desktop poem extremely close to Roslyn Atwood at the Riverside City College. A college he would have been writing a desktop poem about 19 months later. For those who believe Zodiac to be responsible for the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, Roslyn Atwood could be the key.

There may finally be a credible answer to the meaning of the 1966 Riverside Desktop Poem and the "rh" signature at its base. The first part of the poem, reminiscing in the present tense, is referring to the attempted murder of Roslyn Atwood (19), who was stabbed once in the lower abdomen by Rolland Taft while she was walking through a Riverside City College parking lot on April 13th 1965 at 9:30pm. Asking the college student if she needed a ride several times, she refused and started walking up the stairs on the north side of the lot east of Cutter Pool. After leaving his vehicle and approaching her, she resisted his attempts to grab her and was stabbed once. After he fled, she made her way to 4531 Lemon, across the street from her home at 4510 Lemon. A hunting knife with a 4 1/2 inch blade was found by officers on the steps. Miss Atwood was released from hospital on April 22nd 1965 after nine days. While there she helped create a photo-fit of her attacker. She attended night classes at the college. 

The poem's author probably read the retelling of the Roslyn Atwood story only four days after the Cheri Jo Bates murder on October 30th 1966, when the Riverside Daily Press newspaper on November 3rd 1966 compared the murder of Cheri Jo Bates to the Roslyn Atwood stabbing on the same campus (see below). But was the desktop author the murderer? Investigators realised Rolland Taft was still behind bars on October 30th 1966, so couldn't have been responsible for the murder of Cheri Jo Bates or the poem.

The Riverside Desktop author must have been inspired to search for details regarding this attempted murder in 1965, that would ultimately form the first part of the desktop poem, which borrowed from the Riverside Daily Press newspaper headline on April 17th 1965 entitled "Clean-cut youth sought in stabbing".(Credit: MK Zodiac). The Riverside Desktop Poem began with "cut, clean, if red/clean. blood spurting, dripping, spilling; all over her new dress". The second section of the poem moved from Roslyn Atwood to Cheri Jo Bates, stating "Someone'll find her. Just wait till next time. rh." The "rh" abbreviation can be found in a newspaper article about Roslyn Atwood from the Riverside Daily Press newspaper on April 29th 1965. It is not a signature.    

It appears like the author of the desktop poem trawled through old articles from the local newspaper (the Riverside Daily Press), and created the beginning and ending of the poem from "Clean-cut youth sought in stabbing" and an educational footnote from a second article on April 29th 1965, entitled "Accused youth sent to Juvenile Court" (see below)..Two further communications would have relevance to The Press-Enterprise on November 29th 1966 and April 30th 1967 regarding Cheri Jo Bates. 

The author, by adding of the "rh" footnote in a poem shortly after the killing of Cheri Jo Bates, about the attempted murder of a woman with a knife, whose blood was "spurting, dripping, spilling; all over her new dress", may have been attempting to clue us in to the Roslyn Atwood story on the same campus. If the above newspaper article published by the Riverside Daily Press had been found, the "RH" abbreviation concerning blood may have peaked some interest - but does the RH factor have any bearing on the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, when the author declared "just wait till next time"?

The Rh blood group system is a human blood group system. It contains proteins on the surface of red blood cells. After the ABO blood group system, it is the most likely to be involved in transfusion reactions. The Rh blood group system consisted of 49 defined blood group antigens in 2005. As of 2023, there are over 50 antigens among which the five antigens D, C, c, E, and e are the most important. There is no d antigen. Rh(D) status of an individual is normally described with a positive (+) or negative (−) suffix after the ​ABO type (e.g., someone who is A+ has the A antigen and Rh(D) antigen, whereas someone who is A− has the A antigen but lacks the Rh(D) antigen). The terms Rh factor, Rh positive, and Rh negative refer to the Rh(D) antigen only. Antibodies to Rh antigens can be involved in hemolytic transfusion reactions and antibodies to the Rh(D) and Rh antigens confer significant risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Cheri Jo Bates' blood type detailed at autopsy is rare in the USA population. It was AB RhD positive, which accounts for only 3% of the American population. Did the author of the poem use the "rh" footnote in the Roslyn Atwood newspaper article on April 29th 1965 because they knew the rarity of Cheri Jo Bates' blood grouping? Disregarding this last observation, we still have a November 3rd 1966 newspaper article from the Riverside Daily Press comparing the Atwood and Bates cases only four days after the Riverside murder, and another article from the same newspaper on April 29th 1965 about the stabbing of Roslyn Atwood with an attached educational footnote, reading "The RH factor in blood was identified in 1940". So did the author create the desktop poem shortly after the November 3rd 1966 article, that would ultimately shape the linguistics of the Confession letter on November 29th 1966? 

If we look at the desktop poem alongside the Confession letter, we need go no further than the title of the desktop poem, which reads "Sick of living/unwilling to die". The desktop poem begins with "Sick of living", and the Confession letter states "I am not sick. I am insane". The desktop poem title uses the word "unwilling", to which the Confession letter states "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "She went very willingly". One referenced an unwillingness to die, whereas one claimed Cheri Jo Bates went "willingly" to her death. In other words, Miss Atwood resisted her death and didn't die "that time", but Cheri Jo Bates died hard and willingly. The desktop poem title uses the phrase "to die", with the Confession letter stating "I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". This brings forth another connection between both communications with the word "time" central to both. The desktop poem uses the word "time" twice, when stating "She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time", whereas the Confession letter uses the word "time" three times by stating "I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". We have the words "sick", "unwilling" (in root form) and "time" from the desktop poem, used 6 times in the Confession letter by way of "sick", "willing", "willingly", "time", "time" and "time". In fact, the words "die" and "time" are used in the same context in both communications by the sentences "she won't die, this time someone'll find her" and "I said it was about time for her to die". If you add in the three Bates letters of "Bates had to die", "She had to die" and "She had to die" into the equation, we have the phrase "to die" used 5 times in all three communications.

Miss Atwood escaped the clutches of Rolland Lin Taft in 1965, expressed by the desktop author when they stated "she won't die, this time someone'll find her", but reminded everybody that the next time Cheri Jo Bates wouldn't be so lucky by finishing the poem with "Just wait till next time. rh".

Thanks to Jibberjabber for giving me access to a new newspaper database 

The information provided here will be nothing new to people who have read the comments of the previous article, but I wanted to expand on that article for people who don't want to trawl through the comments section.

On November 16th 1970 Paul Avery produced a comprehensive newspaper article about a potential connection of Zodiac to the Riverside murder of Cheri Jo Bates and the associated communications, which included the Desktop Poem. The newspaper article detailed the two Confession letters mailed on November 29th 1966 and read "Two unstamped envelopes, one addressed in large black print to the Riverside Press-Enterprise, the other to "Homicide Detail", were dropped into a rural mailbox". The newspaper article then detailed the three "She/Bates Had to Die" letters from April 30th 1967 and the writing on the Riverside Desktop Poem.

The only communication featured visually on November 16th 1970 was the "She Had to Die" envelope mailed to the "Press Enterprise" newspaper, with two 4 cent Abraham Lincoln stamps issued on November 19th 1965 (see image below). In other words, Abraham Lincoln was integral to the "She Had to Die" envelope and the Paul Avery article. The next communication mailed by the Zodiac Killer to Paul Avery was the Pines postcard on March 22nd 1971 featuring 4 cent pre-stamped Abraham Lincoln postage from 1962. The Pines postcard had insufficient postage for 1971, yet the Zodiac Killer chose this postcard from 9 years earlier. Was this a deliberate choice to mimic the postage from the "She Had to Die" envelope and send a subtle message to Paul Avery? The Pines postcard was the first and only time the Zodiac Killer used Abraham Lincoln postage during his known reign of terror. Ordinarily I would say this was coincidence, until you consider the Confession letter envelope mailed to the Riverside Press-Enterprise as well.    

The Confession letter envelope mailed to the Press-Enterprise newspaper (see below) also featured in the Paul Avery article on November 16th 1970, and was "addressed in large black print". This envelope contained the footnote of "attn: crime", meant for the crime department of their newspaper. As stated above, the next Zodiac communication addressed to Paul Avery was the Pines postcard carrying the footnote "att. Paul averly=chronicle" on the address side. Both of these footnotes were unconventionally placed in the bottom left corner under the address of the newspapers, rather than top and center, above the address. Since Paul Avery was involved in the coverage of "crime", both communications made a point of addressing the relevant personnel within the newspaper, using the word "attention". This was also the first and only time the Zodiac Killer did this in any of his correspondence. We now had the 4c Abraham Lincoln postage and "attention" seemingly mimicked from the Confession and ​"She Had to Die" envelopes, mailed to the Press-Enterprise newspaper. The Confession letter envelope to the Press-Enterprise newspaper had been made public on December 1st 1966, so it is possible the Pines card was deliberately engineered by the Zodiac Killer to somewhat mimic this communication.    

The final connection is more tenuous, but there is a strong argument that the Riverside Desktop author was reminiscing in the present tense about the attempted murder by knife of Miss Atwood. She was stabbed several times on the Riverside campus by Rolland Taft on April 13th 1965, but managed to escape and survive. Here is a relevant snippet from a previous article:

All we have to do to connect the desktop poem with the Confession letter, is look at the title of the desktop poem, which reads "Sick of living/unwilling to die". The desktop poem begins with "Sick of living", and the Confession letter states "I am not sick. I am insane". The desktop poem title uses the word "unwilling", to which the Confession letter states "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "She went very willingly". One referenced an unwillingness to die, whereas one claimed Cheri Jo Bates went "willingly" to her death. In other words, Miss Atwood resisted her death and didn't die "that time", but Cheri Jo Bates died hard and willingly. The desktop poem title uses the phrase "to die", with the Confession letter stating "I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". This brings forth another connection between both communications with the word "time" central to both. The desktop poem uses the word "time" twice, when stating "She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time", whereas the Confession letter uses the word "time" three times by stating "I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". We have the words "sick", "unwilling" (in root form) and "time" from the desktop poem, used 6 times in the Confession letter by way of "sick", "willing", "willingly", "time", "time" and "time". In fact, the words "die" and "time" are used in the same context in both communications by the sentences "she won't die, this time someone'll find her" and "I said it was about time for her to die". If you add in the three Bates letters of "Bates had to die", "She had to die" and "She had to die" into the equation, we have the phrase "to die" used 5 times in all three communications.

Miss Atwood escaped the clutches of Rolland Lin Taft in 1965, expressed by the desktop author when they stated "she won't die, this time someone'll find her", but reminded everybody that the next time Cheri Jo Bates wouldn't be so lucky by finishing the poem with "Just wait till next time. rh". That "next time" may well have been Riverside, Halloween, denoted by a lower case "r" and "h". 

Ricardo Gomez of Mk-Zodiac showed the possible inspiration for the Riverside Desktop poem through a newspaper article from - you've guessed it - the Press Enterprise once more. The newspaper carried the headline "Clean-Cut Youth Sought in Stabbing". This was the referring to the attempted murder of Miss Atwood, who undoubtedly would have had "blood spurting, dripping and spilling" over her dress. But the Desktop Poem began with "cut, clean", appearing to mimic the newspaper headline. The Desktop Poem seemed to borrow from the Press-Enterprise headline of "Clean-Cut Youth Sought in Stabbing" from April 17th 1965, as did the Pines postcard when it used the pasted word "Sought", despite being sourced from a later newspaper headline. If this last observation isn't stretching the truth too much, we now have the 4c Abraham Lincoln postage, the "attention" attribution in the bottom left corner, and the word "sought" from the Pines postcard relevant to the three Riverside "communications" from 1966 and 1967.

When "The Most Dangerous Game" movie was released in 1932, its associate producer, Merian C. Cooper, reflected on the evil of the human condition and stated "man is the most dangerous animal of all". This would be the wording used by the Zodiac Killer in his decrypted 408 cipher, solved by Donald and Bettye June Harden on August 8th 1969. Thirteen years after "The Most Dangerous Game" was released, "A Game of Death" starring John Loder and Audrey Long opened in US cinemas on November 23rd 1945. A poor remake of the original, the only real difference was that the evil Russian, Count Zaroff, had turned into the insane German, Erich Kreiger.

​This later movie featured on television throughout California from November 5th 1966 to November 8th 1966 - so if the Zodiac Killer was present in Riverside (or California) during this period, and was responsible for any of the communications down south - could this movie have had any influence on the phrases chosen in the Confession letters? Did the flawed character traits of Count Zaroff and Erich Kreiger, who were insane, heartless, and psychopathic men with a thirst to hunt human beings, form the basis of the wording "I am insane. But that will not stop the game" in the Confession letters on November 29th 1966? That "game" being "a game of death", in which the insanity of Erich Kreiger and the Confession letter author created no barrier to the murderous game and ambitions of either.. "A Game of Death" in 1966 turning into a "Most Dangerous Game" in the Bay Area, two to three years later. The murders in southern and northern California cloaked under the banner of the Richard Connell short story of 1924. 

The film Rampage (1963) borrowed elements of "The Most Dangerous Game", including "The woman who was the most dangerous game of all", while using "Big, Bold, Bob Mitchum is on a Rampage" in its promotional advertisements, along with "They lived, loved and fought by the code of the jungle" and "His code was to snare everything". Bearing in mind the choice of words used by the Zodiac Killer in his code and letters on July 31st 1969, coupled with the crosshairs he adopted, which featured in the opening sequence of the "Rampage" movie, this production had many interesting parallels and appeared on US television screens in California just 11 days prior to Zodiac's opening communications. "A Game of Death" was showing in California three weeks before the typed Confession letters arrived at the Riverside Homicide Detail and Riverside Press Enterprise in 1966.

The Riverside Desktop Poem, Confession letters and "Bates Had to Die" letters had a consistency of language that permeated all three, shown in this article (and the image below). Another point of interest, is that all three communications ended in similar fashion. The Riverside Desktop Poem finished with "Just wait till next time", the two Confession letters finished with "Beware....I am stalking your girls now", and the Bates' letters finished with "there will be more". All three, by implication, promising death in the near future. These Riverside communications had a consistency of menace and language, but they were all fashioned in markedly contrasting ways. One was written on a desktop in blue ballpoint pen (for the most part) in lower case handwriting. Both Confession letters were typed (with the envelopes in capital letters), and the Bates' letters were written in, what can only described as scrawl (with no consistency). One could argue that if all of these communications were authored by one person, then they had deliberately manufactured them with such difference of design, so as to disguise this fact to the reader. If deception was their intention, I would argue that they failed miserably because of the similarity of language that flowed from one to the other.  

"The Most Dangerous Game" heavily focused on a tense stalking sequence in the second half of the movie as Rainsford and Eve attempted to outwit Count Zaroff as he tracked them while wielding his prized Tatar war bow. The 1945 film mimics the original for the most part. Therefore, is it a coincidence that after the Confession letter stated "I am insane. But that will not stop the game", it concluded with "I am stalking your girls now". It appeared that the "game" was stalking women as prey. This stalking would seemingly continue on July 31st 1969, when the Zodiac Killer began with "I like killing people because it is so much fun - it is more fun than killing wild game in the forest because man is the most dangerous animal of all". Was the game employed by the Zodiac Killer, at least in a literary sense, continuing after 32 months? Was the Zodiac Killer operating in Riverside in 1966 (at least with his communications), or was he simply incorporating the story of Riverside into his current campaign of terror in the Bay Area of northern California?  
​
ADDITIONAL READING: RETHINKING "THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME" 

One of the long-standing questions in the Zodiac community is whether a solid link can be forged between the Riverside murder of Cheri Jo Bates and/or the associated communications in 1966 and 1967, with the crimes or letters of the Zodiac Killer, beginning on December 20th 1968. On April 30th 1967, somebody mailed three letters to the Riverside Press-Enterprise, Riverside Police Department and Joseph Bates stating "She had to die. There will be more" and "Bates had to die. There will be more".

​This approach would be somewhat mimicked by the Zodiac Killer on July 31st 1969 (without the 1967 Bates letters currently published), who mailed three letters to the San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Examiner and Vallejo Times-Herald with his hidden cryptographic message of "the best part of it is that when I die I will be reborn in paradise and all the I have killed will become my slaves". One individual had already used the phrase "to die" in the Riverside Desktop Poem, Confession letters and Bates letters (six times), so looking at the transition from "she had to die" to "when I die" from Riverside to the Bay Area, it is certainly worth looking into further. Especially when you consider the fact that the Zodiac Killer never used the word "die" in any of his subsequent communications.    

Also noteworthy, but not compelling, was the continuation in the religious overtones of "The Confession" letter and "She went to the slaughter like a lamb. She did not put up a struggle", to the message of the Zodiac Killer in the 408 cryptogram, in which he enciphered the wording "paradice", "reborn" and "afterlife" with respect to his death (when I die). The saying, "Like sheep to the slaughter", was used in respect to the notion of Jewish people being led passively to their deaths during the Holocaust. In other words, the suggestion that they offered no resistance or struggle - to be articulated by "The Confession" letter author when they typed "She (Bates) did not put up a struggle". and "She went very willingly". Cheri Jo Bates, it was claimed, was being marched passively to her death.       

Just a few months before the November 29th 1966 "Confession" letter, Jean-François Steiner released a highly controversial book entitled Treblinka: The Revolt of an Extermination Camp, claiming that the Jews were led "like sheep to the slaughter" - and in doing so - caused worldwide consternation in the newspapers. Although Steiner was not the originator of the phrase, it nevertheless was contemporary to 1966 to anybody who was well-versed in literature or recent newspaper coverage. If the author of the 1966 Riverside Desktop Poem can borrow headlines from The Press and Daily Enterprise on April 17th 1965 entitled "Clean-cut Youth Sought In Stabbing", then they can do the same in the case of the Jean Francois Steiner story. Changing "sheep to the slaughter" into "slaughter like a lamb".

In Isaiah 53, a chapter in the Hebrew Bible tells of a virtuous servant who is murdered but does not protest: "Like a sheep being led to the slaughter or a lamb that is silent before her shearers, he did not open his mouth". The Confession letter author typed "I grabbed her around the neck with my hand over her mouth and my other hand with a small knife at her throat. She went very willingly". There appears a mix of religiosity with contemporary news in the Confession letter, but it still isn't compelling. 

A link to Alfred Hitchcock and the Lake Herman Road murders of David Faraday and Betty Lou Jensen on December 20th 1968 has been suggested by Zodiac researchers, who highlighted the 1961 episode of the television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents, entitled Museum Piece. Aired on April 4th 1961, it featured an individual who used a light attached to his .22 caliber rifle in the commission of a murder, just as the Zodiac Killer had claimed in his follow up to the July 31st 1969 letters. The father of the convicted killer appealed to the district attorney about his son's innocence, which was rejected. The district attorney is then murdered - to which the father latterly reminisced “I remember the excitement of the manhunt. The most dangerous game”. Three years earlier, on April 13th 1958, Alfred Hitchcock Presents released an episode entitled "Lamb to the Slaughter", which was not that dissimilar to the phrase "to the slaughter like a lamb" used in the Confession letter. These observations ultimately fail to cement a link between Riverside and the Zodiac Killer, but the definitive answers we seek may still be found one day. 

Here is a handy little chart showing how one person was responsible for the three Riverside "communications" in 1966 and 1967. It is currently unknown whether the Confession letters or the Riverside Desktop Poem came first.

Rolland Lin Taft (27) was gunned down and killed on April 20th 1974 by Los Angeles police officer, Robert Nava, who responded to Taft brandishing a .25 caliber automatic pistol by shooting him five times. His parents filed a speculatory 3.5 million dollar lawsuit against the Los Angeles Police Department claiming there was no reason for their son to have been killed. Rolland Lin Taft had previously attempted to murder a young woman (Atwood) on the Riverside City College campus on April 13th 1965 by stabbing her in the stomach with a hunting knife. Fortunately, the young woman was able to escape and seek help from local residents, who summoned the emergency services.

​One newspaper ran with the headline "Clean-Cut Youth Sought in Stabbing" (credit to Mk-Zodiac), and Taft was eventually apprehended and sentenced to 6 months to 20 years in March, 1966. He served just 2 1/2 years and was paroled in 1968. This newspaper headline (a tactic used by the Zodiac Killer in later years) may have formed the inspiration for the "cut, clean" introduction written on the underside of a plywood desk found in the Riverside City College library in December, 1966. The poem, created using a blue ballpoint pen, read "cut, clean, if red/clean, blood spurting, dripping, spilling; all over her new dress. Oh well, it was red anyway. Life draining into an uncertain death. She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time. rh". For many reasons, it is fairly evident that this poem is reminiscing in the present tense the attempted murder of Miss Atwood in 1965, before stating that "next time" would be different with the death of Cheri Jo Bates on October 30th 1966.  

You may read claims on the internet that this poem was the ponderings of a suicidal woman reflecting on her failure to seek death, but next time would be successful. It will be proffered that the idea of this poem being linked to Miss Atwood and Cheri Jo Bates is speculative at best. However, this couldn't be further from the truth. This poem wasn't even discovered until the December of 1966, so anything contained in the November 29th 1966 Confession letter (about Cheri Jo Bates) that links to the desktop poem, will have been created without knowledge of the desktop poem - unless the author was one person. By linking the two communications together, we would achieve the common thread of one individual who was claiming he murdered Cheri Jo Bates. The contents of the desktop poem were also not in the public domain by April 30th 1967, when the three Bates letters were mailed to the Riverside Press-Enterprise, Riverside Police Department and Joseph Bates.      

Firstly, all we have to do to connect the desktop poem with the Confession letter, is look at the title of the desktop poem, which reads "Sick of living/unwilling to die". The desktop poem begins with "Sick of living", and the Confession letter states "I am not sick. I am insane". The desktop poem title uses the word "unwilling", to which the Confession letter states "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "She went very willingly". One referenced an unwillingness to die, whereas one claimed Cheri Jo Bates went "willingly" to her death. In other words, Miss Atwood resisted her death and didn't die "that time", but Cheri Jo Bates died hard and willingly. The desktop poem title uses the phrase "to die", with the Confession letter stating "I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". This brings forth another connection between both communications with the word "time" central to both. The desktop poem uses the word "time" twice, when stating "She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time", whereas the Confession letter uses the word "time" three times by stating "I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". We have the words "sick", "unwilling" (in root form) and "time" from the desktop poem, used 6 times in the Confession letter by way of "sick", "willing", "willingly", "time", "time" and "time". In fact, the words "die" and "time" are used in the same context in both communications by the sentences "she won't die, this time someone'll find her" and "I said it was about time for her to die". If you add in the three Bates letters of "Bates had to die", "She had to die" and "She had to die" into the equation, we have the phrase "to die" used 5 times in all three communications.

Miss Atwood escaped the clutches of Rolland Lin Taft in 1965, expressed by the desktop author when they stated "she won't die, this time someone'll find her", but reminded everybody that the next time Cheri Jo Bates wouldn't be so lucky by finishing the poem with "Just wait till next time. rh". That "next time" was Riverside, Halloween, denoted by a lower case "r" and "h".

​The Zodiac Killer would address Riverside in lower case fashion when describing his "riverside activity" on March 13th 1971, using the phrase "there are a hell of a lot more down there" to deliberately or inadvertently mimic the three Bates letters of "There will be more". Despite Cheri Jo Bates being killed on October 30th 1966, her exact time of death was not confirmed by the newspapers, who described her lifeless body being found on Halloween morning. It is perfectly reasonable to conclude that "rh" was the place and time of that "next time" cited by the desktop author. The overwhelming correlation of language used by the desktop poem, Confession letter and Bates letters, ties all three to the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, and thereby strengthens the argument that the desktop poem was reflecting on the attempted murder of Miss Atwood and eventual murder of Cheri Jo Bates on the same Riverside campus by knife. Rolland Lin Taft was incarcerated at the time of Cheri Jo Bates' murder, so the desktop poem was either authored by somebody inspired by the previous attempted murder of Miss Atwood to make the future false claims of killing Cheri Jo Bates, or was indeed, the murderer of the young Ramona High School graduate - but, in their eyes, improved on the failings of Rolland Lin Taft by stating "Just wait till next time. rh".

The Confession letter concluded with "I am not sick. I am insane. But that will not stop the game", "I am stalking your girls now", with the three Bates letters finishing with "There will be more".  This was the bedrock of the three July 31st 1969 letters mailed by the Zodiac Killer, who enciphered the wording "it is more fun than killing wild game in the forest because man is the most dangerous animal of all" and promised more murder over the weekend. It appeared that the Zodiac Killer was still playing the "game" and "stalking" the local residents three years later. The Confession letter and murder of Cheri Jo Bates were comprehensively detailed in the Inside Detective magazine on January, 1969, so it's perfectly feasible that the Bay Area murderer read this magazine sometime between January and July and drew inspiration for his July 31st 1969 mailings by continuing the theme of a "game", despite being innocent of any involvement in the murder of Cheri Jo Bates or subsequent communications in 1966 and 1967. This may have continued in the Melvin Belli and Little List letters, misspelling the word "victim" to "victom", and mimicking the Confession letter further by adding "Some I shall tie over ant hills and watch them scream + twich and sqwirm" to appear similar to "She squirmed and shook as I chocked her, and her lips twiched. She let out a scream once". Whether or not the Zodiac Killer played any role down south has far from been answered, but there remains little doubt that one person crafted all three communications in Riverside between October 31st 1966 and April 30th 1967.   

Many have considered the Riverside Desktop Poem is that of somebody exhibiting suicidal tendencies from a first person perspective, with the "just wait till next time" writing at the end of the poem, a promise these tendencies will be revisited. However, there is a realistic argument to be had that this "poem" was written within days of the Confession letter (postmarked November 29th 1966), with both composed with the murder of Cheri Jo Bates in mind. The Riverside Desktop Poem may have been structured by reminiscing in the present tense, reflecting on an attempted murder in the first part of the poem, followed by a boast of the 'successful' murder of the Cheri Jo Bates in the second part, stating "just wait till next time", before confirming the discovery of her body in Riverside on Halloween (hence the rh attribution). The phrase "just wait till next time" could be expected to have a subsequent date (or time) following it. 

When you consider there was an attempted murder by knife on the Riverside City College campus just a year earlier (April 1965), in which a young girl escaped from an assailant who stabbed her, followed by the newspaper headlines stating Clean-Cut Youth Sought For Stabbing, it's easy to see the correlation in wording to the Riverside Desktop Poem, which opened with the words "cut, clean, if red/clean, blood spurting, dripping, spilling; all over her new dress. Oh well, it was red anyway". The following "She won't die this time, someone'll find her" testimony to the fact she survived the stabbing and sought help nearby. There is every chance the author of the Riverside Desktop Poem was contemporising this attack, before reflecting on the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, implying the next victim wouldn't be so lucky in riverside on halloween (rh). This would date the Riverside Desktop Poem subsequent to October 30th 1966. Rolland Taft was arrested for the attempted murder of the girl in 1965, and was incarcerated at the time Cheri Jo Bates was murdered.      

The correlation between the newspaper headline in The Press and Daily Enterprise on April 17th 1965 of Clean-Cut Youth Sought For Stabbing and the Riverside Desktop Poem of "Cut, Clean", is not the only linguistic connection. The Riverside Desktop Poem was entitled "Sick of living/umwilling to die". Despite being only 45 words in length and unreleased to the public in 1966, the wording in its title featured heavily in the Confession letter (its full transcript also not released). The Confession letter stated  "I said it was about time for her to die", just like the three Bates letters mailed on April 30th 1967, which again, despite being only 8 words in length, thrice used the phrase "to die". The phrase "to die" having now been used in three sinister sets of communications spanning just 5 months. In fact, the phrase had been used six times in total (3 Bates letters, 2 Confession letters and one poem), along with "She died hard" in the Confession letter..

​The title of the Riverside Desktop Poem also contained the adverb of "unwilling", the root of which is used twice in the Confession letter, when the author typed "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "She went very willingly". The use of the word "sick" in the Riverside Desktop Poem title was also present in the Confession letter when the author typed "I am not sick". Therefore, we have several words in the title of the Riverside Desktop Poem that featured heavily in the Confession letter. Another feature of the Riverside Desktop Poem was the use of "just wait till next time", implying an impending death. This would mirror the promise of impending death in the Confession letter of ."When we were away from the library walking, I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". The Riverside Desktop Poem also stated "she won't die, this time someone'll find her". The word "time" used five times in total through two communications. 

Bearing in mind the linguistic correlation between the Riverside Desktop Poem, Confession letter and Bates' letters, the latter two of which referenced the murder of Cheri Jo Bates by using her name, it could be argued that the Riverside Desktop Poem was also inferring her murder through "riverside" and "halloween" in the form of rh, along with phraseology of "cut" bleeding into the Confession letter with the wording "I then finished the job out cutting her throat". Two stabbings in consecutive years on the same campus may have been the inspiration behind the Riverside Desktop Poem, with all three sets of communications crafted by the same individual. Knowledge and awareness of the knife attack in April 1965, and the delivery of the Bates' letters on April 30th 1967 spanned two years. So it's perfectly plausible, bearing in mind the writing on the desktop was discovered inside the Riverside City College, that the author of these three sets of communications was a long standing resident of Riverside County, or its neighboring areas. Although there is no way to prove which came first, it appears that the Riverside Desktop Poem was the precursor to the Confession letter (and therefore written between October 31st 1966 and November 29th 1966). The Confession letter the offshoot of the "just wait till next time" threat. 

In 2016, investigators received a communication from an individual in San Bernardino who claimed that he had authored the three Bates letters on April 30th 1967, stating he was a troubled teenager at the time he sent the trinity of malicious handwritten letters to the Riverside Police Department, Riverside Press-Enterprise newspaper and Joseph Bates. However, this individual did not take responsibility for the Riverside Desktop Poem and Confession letter, indicating he was likely the author of none. 

Here are some extracts from the Riverside Desktop Poem and the three Bates' letters, that bleed into the Confession Letter.
[1] SICK OF LIVING/UNWILLING TO DIE  [2] ALL OVER HER NEW DRESS  [3] SHE WONT DIE THIS TIME  [4] JUST WAIT TILL NEXT TIME  [5] SHE HAD TO DIE  [6] BATES HAD TO DIE  [7] THERE WILL BE MORE.

Despite the Riverside communications not being in the public domain prior to November 1968 (only small parts of the Confession Letter were), the author of the typed Confession Letter carried wording similar to the Riverside Desktop Poem and Bates' letters. The wording "to die" featured in all three communications [1] "She/Bates had to die" [2] "I said it was about time for her to die" [3] "Sick of living/unwilling to die" (but "to die" or "die" was never written by the killer in any Zodiac communications). The Riverside Desktop Poem stated "over her new dress", whereas the Confession letter stated "over her mouth". The variation of the word "unwilling" in the Riverside Desktop Poem can been seen twice in the Confession Letter in "willing" and "willingly" (expressed as "unwilling to" die, she went "very willingly" and "willing to" talk to me). The Bates' letter thrice stated "there will be more", with the Confession Letter threatening "maybe she will be the beautiful blond". The Riverside Desktop Poem stated "she wont die this time" and "just wait till next time", whereas the Confession Letter stated "I said it was about time. She asked me about time for what. I said it was about time to die". The Confession Letter stated "I am not sick", in direct contrast to the Riverside Desktop Poem which declared "sick of living". The Confession letter stated "I waited for her in the library", whereas the Riverside Desktop Poem threatened "Just wait till next time". To a much lesser extent, the Riverside Desktop Poem refers to a knife by opening with "cut, clean, if red, clean", with the Confession letter also referring to the same action, by stating "I finished the job out cutting her throat". 

There is a strong probabilty that all three Riverside communications were one author. In 2016 investigators received a communication from an individual in San Bernardino who claimed that he had authored the three Bates letters on April 30th 1967, stating he was a troubled teenager at the time he sent the trinity of malicious handwritten letters to the Riverside Police Department, Riverside Press-Enterprise newspaper and Joseph Bates. If he didn't also claim to have written the Riverside Desktop Poem and Confession Letter, I doubt he was responsible for any.

If the wording of the Confession letter had been withheld from the newspapers in 1966, it would make any similarities between the Confession letter and Riverside Desktop Poem more significant. It appears that the majority of the text from the Confession letter wasn't released until November 1968, when it was published in the Press-Enterprise newspaper. Here is a brief section from a previous article:making a comparison between the Desktop Poem and Confession letter, both of which begin with a title.

​The title of the Desktop Poem was "Sick of living/unwilling to die".  When we look at the Confession letter the author types two sentences carrying the similar wording of "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "she went very willingly".  The Confession letter author also typed "I am not sick. I am insane". In other words, the Desktop Poem title is embedded in the story of the Confession letter. The Desktop Poem concludes with the wording "She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time", suggestive of an impending death - and mirrored in the Confession letter when the author types the word "time" on a further three occasions and utilizes the word "die" in the same string of wording, by stating "When we were away from the library walking, I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die".   

Is this enough correlation to point to one author of the Riverside Desktop Poem and Confession letter? And could the author of the Bates letters (whoever that may be) be responsible for the two previous communications. Recently, the Riverside Police Department have stated that somebody contacted them via a letter in 2016 claiming responsibilty for the three Bates letters postmarked April 30th 1967. "The author apologized for sending the letters and said it was a sick joke. The author admitted that he was not the Zodiac killer or the killer of Cheri Jo Bates and was just looking for attention". But was the individual who made this admission in 2016 telling the truth? Despite the three Bates letters containing only eight words, they managed to continue the theme of the previous two communications in 1966. The Desktop Poem was titled "Sick of living/unwilling to die". The Confession letter harbored the wording "I said it was about time for her to die" (meaning Bates had to die). Then, five months later, the three Bates letters contained the wording "Bates had to die there will be more" and "She had to die there will be more". In addition, all three communications ended with the threat of further murder. The ending of each carried the wording "Just wait till next time", "I am stalking your girls now" and "There will be more". It is also noteworthy that the Zodiac Killer never wrote the wording "to die", "die" or "died" in any of his communications spanning eighteen years.

Here is some additional information regarding the Confession letter. Before the development of photographic copiers, a carbon copy was the under-copy of a typed or written document placed over carbon paper and the under-copy sheet itself (not to be confused with the carbon print family of photographic reproduction processes). When copies of business letters were so produced, it was customary to use the acronym "CC" or "cc" before a colon and below the writer's signature to inform the principal recipient that carbon copies had been made and distributed to the parties listed after the colon. With the advent of word processors and e-mail, "cc" is used as a merely formal indication of the distribution of letters to secondary recipients. A sheet of carbon paper is placed between two or more sheets of paper. The pressure applied by the writing implement (pen, pencil, typewriter or impact printer) to the top sheet causes pigment from the carbon paper to reproduce the similar mark on the copy sheet(s). More than one copy can be made by stacking several sheets with carbon paper between each pair. Four or five copies is a practical limit. The top sheet is the original and each of the additional sheets is called a carbon copy. A sheet of carbon paper is placed between two or more sheets of paper. The pressure applied by the writing implement (pen, pencil, typewriter or impact printer) to the top sheet causes pigment from the carbon paper to reproduce the similar mark on the copy sheet(s). More than one copy can be made by stacking several sheets with carbon paper between each pair. Four or five copies is a practical limit. The top sheet is the original and each of the additional sheets is called a carbon copy. Wikipedia. .

Robert Graysmith in Zodiac Unmasked stated "November 29, 1966. Two carbon copies of a "confession" letter sent to the press and Riverside Police. Zodiac typed on a sandwich of Teletype paper and carbon paper and mailed the faintest, the fourth and fifth impressions. The original typed top page was never sent". Ordinarily it is wise to double check anything Robert Graysmith claimed, however, in this instance his claims appear to concur with Wikipedia that four or five copies is perfectly feasible in this instance. The fact that the Confession letter was cut at the top and bottom suggests the paper used was taken from a Teletype roll