Rolland Lin Taft (27) was gunned down and killed on April 20th 1974 by Los Angeles police officer, Robert Nava, who responded to Taft brandishing a .25 caliber automatic pistol by shooting him five times. His parents filed a speculatory 3.5 million dollar lawsuit against the Los Angeles Police Department claiming there was no reason for their son to have been killed. Rolland Lin Taft had previously attempted to murder a young woman (Atwood) on the Riverside City College campus on April 13th 1965 by stabbing her in the stomach with a hunting knife. Fortunately, the young woman was able to escape and seek help from local residents, who summoned the emergency services.

​One newspaper ran with the headline "Clean-Cut Youth Sought in Stabbing" (credit to Mk-Zodiac), and Taft was eventually apprehended and sentenced to 6 months to 20 years in March, 1966. He served just 2 1/2 years and was paroled in 1968. This newspaper headline (a tactic used by the Zodiac Killer in later years) may have formed the inspiration for the "cut, clean" introduction written on the underside of a plywood desk found in the Riverside City College library in December, 1966. The poem, created using a blue ballpoint pen, read "cut, clean, if red/clean, blood spurting, dripping, spilling; all over her new dress. Oh well, it was red anyway. Life draining into an uncertain death. She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time. rh". For many reasons, it is fairly evident that this poem is reminiscing in the present tense the attempted murder of Miss Atwood in 1965, before stating that "next time" would be different with the death of Cheri Jo Bates on October 30th 1966.  

You may read claims on the internet that this poem was the ponderings of a suicidal woman reflecting on her failure to seek death, but next time would be successful. It will be proffered that the idea of this poem being linked to Miss Atwood and Cheri Jo Bates is speculative at best. However, this couldn't be further from the truth. This poem wasn't even discovered until the December of 1966, so anything contained in the November 29th 1966 Confession letter (about Cheri Jo Bates) that links to the desktop poem, will have been created without knowledge of the desktop poem - unless the author was one person. By linking the two communications together, we would achieve the common thread of one individual who was claiming he murdered Cheri Jo Bates. The contents of the desktop poem were also not in the public domain by April 30th 1967, when the three Bates letters were mailed to the Riverside Press-Enterprise, Riverside Police Department and Joseph Bates.      

Firstly, all we have to do to connect the desktop poem with the Confession letter, is look at the title of the desktop poem, which reads "Sick of living/unwilling to die". The desktop poem begins with "Sick of living", and the Confession letter states "I am not sick. I am insane". The desktop poem title uses the word "unwilling", to which the Confession letter states "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "She went very willingly". One referenced an unwillingness to die, whereas one claimed Cheri Jo Bates went "willingly" to her death. In other words, Miss Atwood resisted her death and didn't die "that time", but Cheri Jo Bates died hard and willingly. The desktop poem title uses the phrase "to die", with the Confession letter stating "I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". This brings forth another connection between both communications with the word "time" central to both. The desktop poem uses the word "time" twice, when stating "She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time", whereas the Confession letter uses the word "time" three times by stating "I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". We have the words "sick", "unwilling" (in root form) and "time" from the desktop poem, used 6 times in the Confession letter by way of "sick", "willing", "willingly", "time", "time" and "time". In fact, the words "die" and "time" are used in the same context in both communications by the sentences "she won't die, this time someone'll find her" and "I said it was about time for her to die". If you add in the three Bates letters of "Bates had to die", "She had to die" and "She had to die" into the equation, we have the phrase "to die" used 5 times in all three communications.

Miss Atwood escaped the clutches of Rolland Lin Taft in 1965, expressed by the desktop author when they stated "she won't die, this time someone'll find her", but reminded everybody that the next time Cheri Jo Bates wouldn't be so lucky by finishing the poem with "Just wait till next time. rh". That "next time" was Riverside, Halloween, denoted by a lower case "r" and "h".

​The Zodiac Killer would address Riverside in lower case fashion when describing his "riverside activity" on March 13th 1971, using the phrase "there are a hell of a lot more down there" to deliberately or inadvertently mimic the three Bates letters of "There will be more". Despite Cheri Jo Bates being killed on October 30th 1966, her exact time of death was not confirmed by the newspapers, who described her lifeless body being found on Halloween morning. It is perfectly reasonable to conclude that "rh" was the place and time of that "next time" cited by the desktop author. The overwhelming correlation of language used by the desktop poem, Confession letter and Bates letters, ties all three to the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, and thereby strengthens the argument that the desktop poem was reflecting on the attempted murder of Miss Atwood and eventual murder of Cheri Jo Bates on the same Riverside campus by knife. Rolland Lin Taft was incarcerated at the time of Cheri Jo Bates' murder, so the desktop poem was either authored by somebody inspired by the previous attempted murder of Miss Atwood to make the future false claims of killing Cheri Jo Bates, or was indeed, the murderer of the young Ramona High School graduate - but, in their eyes, improved on the failings of Rolland Lin Taft by stating "Just wait till next time. rh".

The Confession letter concluded with "I am not sick. I am insane. But that will not stop the game", "I am stalking your girls now", with the three Bates letters finishing with "There will be more".  This was the bedrock of the three July 31st 1969 letters mailed by the Zodiac Killer, who enciphered the wording "it is more fun than killing wild game in the forest because man is the most dangerous animal of all" and promised more murder over the weekend. It appeared that the Zodiac Killer was still playing the "game" and "stalking" the local residents three years later. The Confession letter and murder of Cheri Jo Bates were comprehensively detailed in the Inside Detective magazine on January, 1969, so it's perfectly feasible that the Bay Area murderer read this magazine sometime between January and July and drew inspiration for his July 31st 1969 mailings by continuing the theme of a "game", despite being innocent of any involvement in the murder of Cheri Jo Bates or subsequent communications in 1966 and 1967. This may have continued in the Melvin Belli and Little List letters, misspelling the word "victim" to "victom", and mimicking the Confession letter further by adding "Some I shall tie over ant hills and watch them scream + twich and sqwirm" to appear similar to "She squirmed and shook as I chocked her, and her lips twiched. She let out a scream once". Whether or not the Zodiac Killer played any role down south has far from been answered, but there remains little doubt that one person crafted all three communications in Riverside between October 31st 1966 and April 30th 1967.   

The Zodiologists website took a deep dive into the three Cheri Jo Bates letters mailed on April 30th 1967 and wrote "It can be reasonably assumed that the signature has a particular meaning beyond of just being a letter. If we should pick just one of the available options, we would say that the signature is a combination of the letter Z and the number 3. If it would be only the letter Z, there would be no need to write its top in flying-bird shape. The line at the bottom of the letter is straight. We also could not find a symbol that would resemble the signature. Therefore, we consider Z-3 as most plausible". 

​In the Confession letter, mailed on November 29th 1966, the author stated that Cheri Jo Bates was "not the first and she will not be the last", suggesting that the typist was claiming more than one victim. This conforms to the notion of a signature with an attached victim count, also displayed by the Zodiac Killer alongside his crosshairs in the numerous letters and cards he mailed. However, there is one communication that may have used a similar signature to that used in two of the Bates letters.

The Halloween card, mailed by the Zodiac Killer on October 27th 1970, gave us a victim count of "14" on the skeleton's hand, and fashioned the number fourteen as "4-TEEN", using the number "4" to express the word "four". The Zodiac Killer may have used the same tactic with the symbol on the envelope and card inner, using 4 dots to indicate that the "F" stood for "fourteen" rather then "fifteen". If the symbol on the Halloween card inner and outer denoted a victim count for a third time, we have the possibility of a joined "Z" and "F" denoting the fourteen victims claimed by the killer - extremely similar to the joined "Z" and "3" suggested by the Zodiologists website. If this hypothesis is true, it could indicate a common thread from Riverside to the Bay Area through the correspondence of a killer. It must also be noted that the Halloween card was the only confirmed communication to use the letter "Z" to denote the "Zodiac" pseudonym - and it used the letter "Z" twice - just like the two Bates letters (if you believe the premise). The Zodiac Killer also used the word "BY" in prominent positions four times within the Halloween card, mirroring the "BY" which headed both Confession letters. The use of a Halloween card to convey these similarities is pertinent to the fact that the body of Cheri Jo Bates was discovered on Halloween morning  

The Zodiac's Little List letter (July 26th 1970), believed by some to be the previous communication to the Halloween card, began his little list by misspelling "victim" to "victom", and wrote. "Some I shall tie over ant hills and watch them scream + twich and sqwirm". The Confession letter author began his little list by using the misspelling "victom", before typing "She squirmed and shook as I chocked her, and her lips twiched. She let out a scream once". The author of the Confession letter had a smaller list, but included "the beautiful blond that babysits near the little store" and "the shapely blue eyed brunett that said no when I asked her for a date". The Zodiac Killer could have fashioned the Little List letter and Halloween card to make journalists and/or law enforcement draw the conclusion he was responsible for the murder of Cheri Jo Bates in Riverside on October 30th 1966. This ultimately became the case, when Paul Avery presented the link in the San Francisco Chronicle on November 16th 1970, much to the dismay of law enforcement. 

The information regarding the Confession letters was readily available to the Zodiac Killer, when the Inside Detective magazine published a comprehensive article about Cheri Jo Bates in January 1969. However, the signature on two of the Bates' letters had not been published in the newspapers or magazines prior to October 27th 1970, making the possibility of two "Z's" and a victim count, deployed in Riverside and the Bay Area, through three communications and one killer, a viable proposition. If Riverside really was the Zodiac Killer, had he reset his victim total when switching from "Z" to the "Zodiac" pseudonym, beginning anew some 450 miles north? 

Below are the injuries to the face and neck of Cheri Jo Bates detailed at autopsy. .

Although emergency medicine providers commonly describe any break in the skin as a laceration, this terminology is forensically and technically incorrect. A laceration is defined as a tear in tissue caused by a shearing or crushing force. Therefore, a laceration is the result of a blunt-trauma mechanism. A laceration is further characterized by incomplete separation of stronger tissue elements, such as blood vessels and nerves. These stronger tissue elements account for “tissue bridging” which is seen in lacerations. In addition, lacerations commonly occur over bony prominences and tend to be irregularly shaped with abraded or contused margins. Lacerations are typically caused by hard objects like a pipe, rock, or the ground. Link to ACEPNow.

Unfortunately, F. Rene Modglin detailed the autopsy findings of Cheri Jo Bates incorrectly, when he labeled "incised wounds" as "lacerations" when describing the stab wounds to her torso. Therefore, we are presented with the injuries to her face as lacerations - and have to determine whether any of these wounds were caused by a knife blade or the mechanism of blunt force trauma, such as a hard object, punch or kick to the head, or from impact with the driveway floor. The analysis above shows that lacerations are commonly found over bony prominences and tend to be irregularly shaped with abraded margins. The three wounds described at autopsy (excluding the discoloration of the right lip) are found over the bony prominences of the zygomatic bone (cheekbone), the mentum (chin) and left side of the maxilla (upper jawbone}, where we have two accompanying abraded areas on the left cheek and chin, and an irregular (ragged edge) wound to her left upper lip. These wounds are all consistent with blunt force trauma, bearing in mind we have a dark blue-grey discoloration (probable bruising) present on the left cheek and chin. We have to discern whether these proposed blunt force injuries were caused through kicking (as claimed in the Confession letter), or by impact with the driveway floor.

The below image shows the 5 incised (stab) wounds to the front torso and right arm of Cheri Jo Bates (denoted by the blue circles). Wound 6 is described as two abraded lacerations, so it's unclear whether this injury was caused by a knife blade.
Wounds 7, 8 and 9 to the dorsal side of the left hand and lateral aspect of the right index finger are congruent with Cheri Jo Bates using her hands and arms in a defensive posture while being secured from behind. The absence of prolonged screaming and the close grouping of these 9 wounds, can be argued from the standpoint of a killer restraining Cheri Jo Bates around the neck while stabbing backwards into her chest region.

Without more information it is difficult to ascertain whether the injuries to her hand and finger were separate stab wounds that never struck her torso, or were injuries created as the knife passed by. Discounting wound 6, we have 5 knife wounds to the upper region of her body in close proximity to one another. It must be pointed out that I have placed the 2 wounds to her left breast slightly off-center to avoid showing the blue circles over her right hand and confuse the observer. If the right hand of Cheri Jo Bates was more centrally positioned when injury 9 occurred, it can be seen how the grouping of stab wounds narrows. This grouping would be much more difficult to achieve if no restraint was applied by the killer and the interaction was much more dynamic in nature. If we change the position of Cheri Jo Bates' hands, with her right hand protecting her right side, and her left hand protecting her left side, then the incised wounds to each hand would mirror the stab wounds to her left and right breast. For these to be related it would require three knife strikes cutting her hands and finger as the blade passed by. With the final stab wound to her back possibly being administered after she was forced forward onto the driveway floor, with the killer kneeling over her.

In conclusion, we have between 6 and 10 stab wounds in total, with the seven knife slices across her neck being the final horrific act that night. The close grouping of the stab wounds, the lack of screaming, and the consistency of the wound widths to her breasts and right armpit of 1.4 cm, 1.5 cm, 1.7 cm and 1.9 cm (with her back wound 1.5 cm), could suggest restraint rather than a dynamic moving target, in which more shearing type wounds may be expected (as observed in the Cecelia Shepard autopsy). This can be seen on the arms of Cheri Jo Bates by the two somewhat abraded wounds to her left arm (of 3.5 cm and 4.0 cm), and the 4.0 cm wound to her right arm, which would have exhibited greater motion than her torso, assuming she was restrained by the neck region. These observations are consistent with the claims of the Confession letter author.  PART TWO. 

Several earwitnesses described hearing screams the night of Cheri Jo Bates' murder in Riverside on October 30th 1966, such as this one reported in the newspapers; "A neighbor heard an awful scream between 10:15pm and 10:45pm, and then about two minutes of silence, and finally the sound of an old car starting up. A man returning to the area at 10:30 pm told us he heard two screams then". Another report stated "A girl tenant in an apartment only a few doors from the dirt driveway where the body was discovered, told the detectives that she heard screaming and yelling about 10:30 pm. Then I heard a muted scream, and then a loud sound like an old car being started up - this was about two minutes after I heard the first scream". Both earwitnesses (a man and girl) highlighted two screams at about 10:30pm, but no more. None of the 6 incised wounds to the torso (3 to chest, 1 to back and 2 to the right arm) of Cheri Jo Bates were fatal - and wouldn't have interfered with her ability to run and scream incessantly, yet these were the only two screams reported. 

The Confession letter author claimed "I grabbed her around the neck with my hand over her mouth and my other hand with a small knife at her throat. She went very willingly. Her breast felt very warm and firm under my hands. But only one thing was on my mind. Making her pay for all the brush offs that she had given me during the years prior. She died hard. She squirmed and shook as I chocked her, and her lips twiched". None of the newspaper articles described Cheri Jo Bates being restrained around the neck, and her mouth being obstructed prior to the Confession letter on November 29th 1966, because this would only have been known to the killer (and possibly through examining the autopsy report). This claim by the author of the Confession letter would explain why Cheri Jo Bates didn't immediately scream when initially attacked. The grabbing of the neck and obstruction of her mouth, claimed to be the first actions by the killer that night, prevented the young woman from doing so. As explained in an earlier examination of the autopsy report, this is when the author of the Confession letter stated "she died hard", and when the killer likely began thrusting the knife backwards into the breast region and right arm of Cheri (which she may have used in a defensive motion across her chest). The close grouping of wounds to her breast region and upper right arm being the "only" 5 stab wounds to her front upper body. In an unrestrained scenario, in which Cheri Jo Bates had freedom of movement, one might expect more screams and less wound grouping. 

The Confession letter author then concedes that Cheri Jo Bates had shifted position when he claimed he "kicked her head to shut her up". He cannot do this while still choking her. The author stated he kicked her because "she let out a scream once". This could very well have occurred when he released his grip on her throat and thrust her forward onto the driveway floor. The author then claimed he "plunged the knife into her". A killer grabbing Cheri Jo Bates from behind, who then pushes her to the ground and delivers a sixth strike from the knife, would ultimately deliver one knife wound to her back (which is the only wound noted to her rear torso at autopsy). A second, muffled scream during this part of the attack may have been all Cheri Jo Bates could muster at this point, restricted by being pressed into the ground while the sixth and final knife blow was administered. The remainder of the attack being the 7 slices drawn across the neck of Cheri Jo Bates to prevent any more screams. The petechia described on the forehead at autopsy, along with the 2cm ragged edge non-gaping laceration to her upper lip, is consistent with a killer choking and kicking Cheri Jo Bates.

The author of the Confession letter may have weaved his story around the screams reported by earwitnesses in the newspapers, and inadvertently (and somewhat) matched the autopsy report by sheer luck. Regardless of this argument, it is important to give some weight to the notion of the author and killer being one and the same. Previously, it has been stated on this website that the murder of Cheri Jo Bates was a prolonged and brutal attack, probably lasting upwards of one minute. However, the 6 stab wounds to her upper torso and right arm, along with the 7 neck injuries described at autopsy, could have been inflicted in as little as 20 seconds (or less). Would we have expected more screams from Cheri Jo Bates if the attack was dynamic and absent of restraint? There were 5 knife wounds to her front upper region (2 left breast, 1 right breast, 2 upper right arm) and a maximum of 3 possible knife wounds to her hands described at autopsy. That is 5 knife strikes and a potential 3 defensive wounds as the blade glanced her left and right hand as it passed by. If her right and left hand were shielding her respective breast region, then it must be noted that her left breast received 2 stab wounds and her left hand received 2 stab wounds, with her right breast receiving 1 stab wound and her right hand receiving 1 stab wound (see below). All the remaining injuries to her hands were described as abrasions at autopsy (likely as a result of impact and struggling while lying on the driveway floor).   
​ 
[1] A curved and interrupted moderately deep laceration (2 cm overall} in the skin of the base of the lateral aspect of the right index finger.
[2] A more or less Y shape laceration in the skin of the dorsum of the left hand medially and at the junction of the wrist and hand.
[3] An irregular laceration of the skin of the dorsum of the left hand in line with the middle finger and is about the mid area.

F. Rene Modglin used the term "laceration" rather than "incised wound" or "stab wound" when describing the injuries at autopsy, thereby confusing its interpretation. 

On November 29th 1966, one month after the murder of Cheri Jo Bates alongside the Riverside City College library, two confession letters were delivered to the Riverside Homicide Detail and Riverside Press Enterprise containing a sinister message. They read in part "Then I waited for her in the library and followed her out after about two minutes. The battery must have been about dead by then. I then offered to help. She was then very willing to talk to me. I told her that my car was down the street and that I would give her a lift home. When we were away from the library walking, I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". If the good Samaritan, as he claimed in the letter, was offering to give her a lift home from his nearby vehicle, then it's fairly obvious that Cheri Jo Bates isn't going to willingly travel 3.5 miles back to her 4195 Via San Jose home with this individual and leave her prized Volkswagen Beetle with the windows rolled down, her keys in the ignition and the doors unlocked. Therefore, the idea that her killer promised her a lift home doesn't tally with the condition her vehicle was found the following morning. 

The January 1969 Inside Detective magazine described the crime scene, stating "The victim of the savage attack was clad in faded red capris, a long-sleeved pale yellow blouse with a ribbon tied at the throat. Her feet were encased in white sandals. A large red and tan woven straw bag was half covered by the body". This large bag can be seen in the crime scene photographs. If Cheri Jo Bates had arrived back at her vehicle after exiting the library and placed her library books on the passenger seat, one might have expected Cheri Jo Bates to have first removed this straw bag from her shoulder prior to rolling the windows, placing her key in the ignition and preparing to drive away (especially if the bag was slung over her right shoulder). This oversize straw bag would certainly have impaired her ability to shift gear in a comfortable manner while driving. If she had removed this bag to prepare to drive home and was forcibly removed from her vehicle in a surprise attack under the threat of a knife or gun, why under any circumstances, would she have placed the bag back on her shoulders under duress (for it to be later found under her body in the driveway) The Confession letter author claimed she was very willing to talk and leave with him, which would explain her grabbing her bag before leaving - but not the condition her vehicle was ultimately found the next morning. If the author was her killer, she had two minutes (according to the Confession letter) to remove the straw bag from her shoulder before he arrived and offered the young woman assistance. 

Recently I looked at the autopsy report of Cheri Jo Bates, which may suggest her being placed in a choke-hold at the moment the attack began, while the killer stabbed backwards into her upper body and right arm, before thrusting her forward (face down) into the hard driveway floor and "finishing the job out" by stabbing her in the back and slashing her throat. This would explain why her straw bag remained in contact with her body throughout (although not slung over her head as a method of carrying it). A vicious attack from the front, by a knife wielding assailant facing Cheri Jo Bates, is less likely to have her retaining control of a large straw bag throughout.

​None of the knife wounds to her front torso were immediately life threatening, so a savage attack with somebody thrusting a knife towards her (and into her) while she is mobile and able to run, is unlikely to create a scenario where her bag remained on her shoulder during this period. Her bag is likely to be dropped - and she is likely to move away. The chances that she would be coincidentally reunited with that bag later in the attack is extremely unlikely. The position of the straw bag under her body, on the right side, could suggest she had the bag on her right shoulder when the killer grabbed her around the neck with his left arm and stabbed backwards with his right hand. Her right arm would naturally come upwards to defend herself, with the straw bag remaining in relatively close contact with her body while upright. When the killer thrust her face down into the driveway, her straw bag fell from her right shoulder to the position shown in the crime scene. In other words, she was grabbed and killed in virtually the same spot in the driveway. 

To listen to a comprehensive discussion on the Cheri Jo Bates murder in Riverside on October 30th 1966, with contributions from Druzer and Michael Morford, please visit the Citizen Detective podcast on Youtube (running time 3hr 10 mins). 

Despite having reservations that the murderer of Cheri Jo Bates was the author of the Confession letter, let us look at certain aspects of the Confession letter in relation to the published details of the crime and the unpublished details of the autopsy report by November 29th 1966. Many of the newspaper articles prior to November 29th 1966 mentioned the stab wounds to her arms, back and face, along with her throat being slashed, but I could find none that mentioned stab wounds to her breasts, or any mention of Cheri Jo Bates being choked or strangled (unless you know better). The autopsy did show she had at least seven incised wounds across her throat and one stab wound to her right arm, although no concrete evidence of any stab wounds to her face (rather, blunt force lacerations and abrasions to her lip, chin and left cheek). The following snippet is the relevant part of the Confession letter pertaining to the autopsy report.

It seems unusual that Cheri Jo Bates received three stab wounds to her breasts, with no other stab wounds to her front torso, bearing in mind the author of the Confession letter infused a sexual element into their typing, by stating "Her breast felt very warm and firm under my hands" and mentioned "cutting off female parts to deposit for the whole world to see". The author was claiming contact with her breast region just before stating that "she died hard". The author also stated that he initially grabbed Cheri Jo Bates around the neck and mouth, and choked her. This could explain the petechial haemorrhaging visible on her forehead at autopsy. The Confession letter then mentioned her lips twitching before he kicked her in the head, which could explain the 2cm ragged non-gaping oblique laceration to the left side of her lip, and the dark blue-gray slightly swollen discoloration of the mucocutanous portions of the upper and lower lips to the right side - both consistent with a kick to her head while in close contact with the driveway floor - and to the claims in the Confession letter.

The stab wounds (as explained in the previous analysis) to her left breast (2), right breast (1), right axillary fold (1) and right upper arm, grouped on an approximate 10cm vertical plane, is also consistent with an assailant holding the victim around the neck (possibly with their left arm) from behind, and stabbing backwards into the upper torso and upper right arm of Cheri Jo Bates, thereby resulting in the relatively close grouping of stab wounds to her frontal region. Her right arm being motioned across her body for protection would explain the two stab wounds to the upper right arm and right axillary fold. In fact, had she been stabbed here while using her right arm for protection over her chest, it would further narrow the horizontal plane width of the incoming knife. After thrusting Cheri Jo Bates to the driveway floor and kicking her in the head, the author of the Confession letter then claimed he "plunged the knife into her". This, too, is consistent with the one knife wound to her back detailed at autopsy. The word "plunged" maybe suggestive of a downward strike as she lay face down on the driveway floor, before he "finished the job out cutting her throat". The limited details given in the Confession letter are consistent with the previous analysis and the autopsy report, yet insufficient to fully claim that the author and murderer are one and the same.
PART ONE  PART TWO

WAS THE CONFESSION LETTER AUTHOR THE KILLER OF CHERI JO BATES?
WAS THE CONFESSION LETTER AUTHOR THE KILLER OF CHERI JO BATES? [PART TWO]

Many have considered the Riverside Desktop Poem is that of somebody exhibiting suicidal tendencies from a first person perspective, with the "just wait till next time" writing at the end of the poem, a promise these tendencies will be revisited. However, there is a realistic argument to be had that this "poem" was written within days of the Confession letter (postmarked November 29th 1966), with both composed with the murder of Cheri Jo Bates in mind. The Riverside Desktop Poem may have been structured by reminiscing in the present tense, reflecting on an attempted murder in the first part of the poem, followed by a boast of the 'successful' murder of the Cheri Jo Bates in the second part, stating "just wait till next time", before confirming the discovery of her body in Riverside on Halloween (hence the rh attribution). The phrase "just wait till next time" could be expected to have a subsequent date (or time) following it. 

When you consider there was an attempted murder by knife on the Riverside City College campus just a year earlier (April 1965), in which a young girl escaped from an assailant who stabbed her, followed by the newspaper headlines stating Clean-Cut Youth Sought For Stabbing, it's easy to see the correlation in wording to the Riverside Desktop Poem, which opened with the words "cut, clean, if red/clean, blood spurting, dripping, spilling; all over her new dress. Oh well, it was red anyway". The following "She won't die this time, someone'll find her" testimony to the fact she survived the stabbing and sought help nearby. There is every chance the author of the Riverside Desktop Poem was contemporising this attack, before reflecting on the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, implying the next victim wouldn't be so lucky in riverside on halloween (rh). This would date the Riverside Desktop Poem subsequent to October 30th 1966. Rolland Taft was arrested for the attempted murder of the girl in 1965, and was incarcerated at the time Cheri Jo Bates was murdered.      

The correlation between the newspaper headline in The Press and Daily Enterprise on April 17th 1965 of Clean-Cut Youth Sought For Stabbing and the Riverside Desktop Poem of "Cut, Clean", is not the only linguistic connection. The Riverside Desktop Poem was entitled "Sick of living/umwilling to die". Despite being only 45 words in length and unreleased to the public in 1966, the wording in its title featured heavily in the Confession letter (its full transcript also not released). The Confession letter stated  "I said it was about time for her to die", just like the three Bates letters mailed on April 30th 1967, which again, despite being only 8 words in length, thrice used the phrase "to die". The phrase "to die" having now been used in three sinister sets of communications spanning just 5 months. In fact, the phrase had been used six times in total (3 Bates letters, 2 Confession letters and one poem), along with "She died hard" in the Confession letter..

​The title of the Riverside Desktop Poem also contained the adverb of "unwilling", the root of which is used twice in the Confession letter, when the author typed "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "She went very willingly". The use of the word "sick" in the Riverside Desktop Poem title was also present in the Confession letter when the author typed "I am not sick". Therefore, we have several words in the title of the Riverside Desktop Poem that featured heavily in the Confession letter. Another feature of the Riverside Desktop Poem was the use of "just wait till next time", implying an impending death. This would mirror the promise of impending death in the Confession letter of ."When we were away from the library walking, I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die". The Riverside Desktop Poem also stated "she won't die, this time someone'll find her". The word "time" used five times in total through two communications. 

Bearing in mind the linguistic correlation between the Riverside Desktop Poem, Confession letter and Bates' letters, the latter two of which referenced the murder of Cheri Jo Bates by using her name, it could be argued that the Riverside Desktop Poem was also inferring her murder through "riverside" and "halloween" in the form of rh, along with phraseology of "cut" bleeding into the Confession letter with the wording "I then finished the job out cutting her throat". Two stabbings in consecutive years on the same campus may have been the inspiration behind the Riverside Desktop Poem, with all three sets of communications crafted by the same individual. Knowledge and awareness of the knife attack in April 1965, and the delivery of the Bates' letters on April 30th 1967 spanned two years. So it's perfectly plausible, bearing in mind the writing on the desktop was discovered inside the Riverside City College, that the author of these three sets of communications was a long standing resident of Riverside County, or its neighboring areas. Although there is no way to prove which came first, it appears that the Riverside Desktop Poem was the precursor to the Confession letter (and therefore written between October 31st 1966 and November 29th 1966). The Confession letter the offshoot of the "just wait till next time" threat. 

In 2016, investigators received a communication from an individual in San Bernardino who claimed that he had authored the three Bates letters on April 30th 1967, stating he was a troubled teenager at the time he sent the trinity of malicious handwritten letters to the Riverside Police Department, Riverside Press-Enterprise newspaper and Joseph Bates. However, this individual did not take responsibility for the Riverside Desktop Poem and Confession letter, indicating he was likely the author of none. 

Some people have considered that the Zodiac Killer may have worked at the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper offices, with inside information pertaining to the investigation days or weeks before its release to the general public. The Zodiac Killer could have (and probably did) mail in excess of twenty communications before October 27th 1970, but not one single communication expressed the Zodiac pseudonym in the form of the letter "Z". This would change on October 27th 1970, when for the first time the Zodiac Killer used the letter "Z" within his Halloween card mailed to Paul Avery. This departure from the norm came just fifteen days before a San Francisco Chronicle article published by Paul Avery on November 12th 1970, which wrote that "the printing on the 'Bates Had to Die' envelopes seemed to match exactly the desk top poem writing. And perhaps the most meaningful discovery was that two of the three notes had been signed with a "Z".

​The Halloween card was mailed by the Zodiac Killer on October 27th 1970, it was addressed to Paul Avery, it referenced Halloween and it contained the letter "Z". Fifteen days later, Paul Avery is reporting on Cheri Jo Bates being found murdered on Halloween morning, with the Bates' letters signed with a letter "Z". Paul Avery's article was likely triggered by somebody (Phil Sins) noticing similarities between the Halloween card and the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, but what were the chances of somebody recognizing something in the Halloween card in respect to the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, pursuing this angle, and subsequently finding a "Z" like signature that mirrored the Halloween card? (used for the first time by Zodiac). What are the chances of Zodiac marrying Halloween and the pseudonym "Z" together, which mirrored the discovery of a murder victim on Halloween morning, which later had accompanying letters signed with a "Z" style signature? The Halloween card coming just three months after the Zodiac Killer mirrored the Cheri Jo Bates Confession letter of "She squirmed and shook as I choaked her, and her lips twiched. She let out a scream once": when he wrote in the Little List letter on July 26th 1970 "Some I shall tie over ant hills and watch them scream + twich and sqwirm".

In a time span of just three months, the Zodiac Killer had combined scream, twich, squirm, Halloween and a "Z" signature, possibly merging crucial details from the Confession and Bates letters together. Four of these details were already available in the January 1969 edition of the Inside Detective magazine, but the "Z" signature was not. If the signature on two of the Bates' letters was really meant to be the letter "Z", then the fact that the Zodiac Killer broke with tradition and used the pseudonym "Z" within a Halloween card for the first time, could be argued as carrying some significance. 

Here are some extracts from the Riverside Desktop Poem and the three Bates' letters, that bleed into the Confession Letter.
[1] SICK OF LIVING/UNWILLING TO DIE  [2] ALL OVER HER NEW DRESS  [3] SHE WONT DIE THIS TIME  [4] JUST WAIT TILL NEXT TIME  [5] SHE HAD TO DIE  [6] BATES HAD TO DIE  [7] THERE WILL BE MORE.

Despite the Riverside communications not being in the public domain prior to November 1968 (only small parts of the Confession Letter were), the author of the typed Confession Letter carried wording similar to the Riverside Desktop Poem and Bates' letters. The wording "to die" featured in all three communications [1] "She/Bates had to die" [2] "I said it was about time for her to die" [3] "Sick of living/unwilling to die" (but "to die" or "die" was never written by the killer in any Zodiac communications). The Riverside Desktop Poem stated "over her new dress", whereas the Confession letter stated "over her mouth". The variation of the word "unwilling" in the Riverside Desktop Poem can been seen twice in the Confession Letter in "willing" and "willingly" (expressed as "unwilling to" die, she went "very willingly" and "willing to" talk to me). The Bates' letter thrice stated "there will be more", with the Confession Letter threatening "maybe she will be the beautiful blond". The Riverside Desktop Poem stated "she wont die this time" and "just wait till next time", whereas the Confession Letter stated "I said it was about time. She asked me about time for what. I said it was about time to die". The Confession Letter stated "I am not sick", in direct contrast to the Riverside Desktop Poem which declared "sick of living". The Confession letter stated "I waited for her in the library", whereas the Riverside Desktop Poem threatened "Just wait till next time". To a much lesser extent, the Riverside Desktop Poem refers to a knife by opening with "cut, clean, if red, clean", with the Confession letter also referring to the same action, by stating "I finished the job out cutting her throat". 

There is a strong probabilty that all three Riverside communications were one author. In 2016 investigators received a communication from an individual in San Bernardino who claimed that he had authored the three Bates letters on April 30th 1967, stating he was a troubled teenager at the time he sent the trinity of malicious handwritten letters to the Riverside Police Department, Riverside Press-Enterprise newspaper and Joseph Bates. If he didn't also claim to have written the Riverside Desktop Poem and Confession Letter, I doubt he was responsible for any.

The image on the left is described by Wikipedia as the "typewritten confession received by Riverside police and the Riverside Press-Enterprise November 29, 1966". This statement is seemingly at odds with what has been released, because the typewritten message shown in the image on the left was sent to the Riverside Press-Enterprise, and is different to the typewritten message shown on most of the websites and forums on the internet. The Confession letter widely shown on the internet, stamped as having been submitted to the FBI laboratory, is not the same letter shown in the image on the left. When you enlarge and examine the letter on the left, there are at least ten major differences in text compared to the one widely viewed on the internet. The whole structure and sentencing is also different.

In other words, we have to contemplate that the author of the two Confession letters typed two individual correspondences on plain white paper to the value of fourth or fith generation, using carbon paper. A quick look at the image on the left compared to the one with FBI laboratory stamped on it, will show three noticeable differences immediately. The length of underscores after BY are different in each instance. THE CONFESSION title above is underlined, which isn't the case on the FBI laboratory image shown by clicking the link above. The CC. CHIEF OF POLICE ENTERPRISE list of recipients is further from the left margin and a line further down in the image shown above, compared to the image stamped with FBI laboratory. The image widely shown on the internet (and in the link above), should in theory have been addressed to the Riverside police because it is different to the Riverside Press-Enterprise version. Below is the image of the Confession letter widely viewed on the internet (which should have been addressed to the Riverside police). Beneath that is the Confession letter sent to the Press-Enterprise, highlighting ten major differences. The only other explanation for two versions, is that the widely shown Confession letter is a product of having been retyped for greater clarity by law enforcement personnel, but somehow was retyped incorrectly, adding spelling mistakes, correcting spelling mistakes, attempting to correct spelling mistakes but replacing the word with another misspelling, removing sections of typing such as the XXX on the fifth row, and altering words such as "finished the job out" to "finished the job by". One would have thought this would have been done professionally, had the Riverside Police Confession letter sent by the author been the same as the Press-Enterprise version.  

THE CONFESSION LETTER - RIVERSIDE POLICE ​

Therefore, attempting to fit an author's name after BY to align to a particular suspect may be negated by the differing lengths of the underscores in each Confession letter. The author of the Confession letters would also have gained and lost the ability to spell (as well as misspelling the same word twice) between each communication. But why would the author bother to type out two separate and unique communications, when they could have sent the fourth and fifth generation carbon copies from the first typing? Whatever the case, the "ripped at both ends" version sent to the Press-Enterprise (shown in the photograph with the scissors) is an unadulterated version typed by the author. The other version has either been retyped by law enforcement (or under instruction from law enforcement), or was a completely different version sent by the original author.

The three Bates letters have become very topical at the moment based on Riverside police claiming an individual hoaxed the three handwritten communications. They stated "In April 2016, investigators received an anonymous letter postmarked from San Bernardino, California. This letter was typed and appeared to have been generated from a computer. The author of the anonymous letter admitted to writing the hand written letters. The author apologized for sending the letters and said it was a sick joke. The author admitted that he was not the Zodiac killer or the killer of Cheri Jo Bates and was just looking for attention. In 2020, the Homicide Cold Case Unit and the FBI Los Angeles Investigative Genealogy Team, submitted the stamp from the letter for additional DNA analysis and subsequent interviews were conducted. The individual linked to the DNA evidence on the stamp admitted to writing the letter and sending it to Riverside Police Department. The author was a young teenager at the time and had a troubled youth. He said he wrote the letter seeking attention and was remorseful for his actions".

​However, we cannot say with certainty based on this statement, whether the individual in 2016 was telling the truth. Recently I made a comparison between the Riverside Desktop Poem, the Confession Letter and Bates Letters, as follows: If the wording of the Confession letter had been withheld from the newspapers in 1966, it would make any similarities between the Confession letter and Riverside Desktop Poem more significant. It appears that the majority of the text from the Confession letter wasn't released until November 1968, when it was published in the Press-Enterprise newspaper. The title of the Desktop Poem was "Sick of living/unwilling to die".  When we look at the Confession letter the author types two sentences carrying the similar wording of "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "she went very willingly".  The Confession Letter author also typed "I am not sick. I am insane". In other words, the Desktop Poem title is embedded in the story of the Confession Letter. The Desktop Poem concludes with the wording "She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time", suggestive of an impending death - and mirrored in the Confession Letter when the author types the word "time" on a further three occasions and utilizes the word "die" in the same string of wording, by stating "When we were away from the library walking, I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die".  The Riverside Desktop Poem contained the words "to die". The Confession Letter harbored the wording "I said it was about time for her to die" (meaning Bates had to die). Then, five months later, the three Bates Letters contained the wording "Bates had to die there will be more" and "She had to die there will be more".  

​Just over one year later, somebody wrote a series of 5 handwritten letters to Edward Kennedy, Joseph P. Kennedy, Ethel Kennedy and Adlai Stevenson in the June and July of 1968 with various threats. One of which was addressed to Mr. Joseph P. Kennedy, Brookline, Massachusetts and postmarked West Palm Beach, Florida on June 17th 1968. The Confession letter author remarked that "I lay awake nights thinking about my next victom", and seemingly deliberately misspelled the word "victim" by typing "victom" instead. The handwritten note to Joseph Kennedy followed a similar pattern to the Confession Letter, stating "Do you propose "Tedd" to be the next victum", but this time spelling "victim" as "victum".. 

A short time earlier, on June 14th 1968, a handwritten letter to Mrs. Ethel Kennedy, Hickory Hill, McClean, Virginia, postmarked Boston, Massachusetts was received at Senator Kennedy's offices, stating that "Jack had to die. Bobby had to die. Teddy has to die". The three Bates letters contained the threats of "Bates had to die", "Bates had to die" and "She had to die". The author below wasn't "sick of living" however, he was sick of the Kennedy's. The author of the five Kennedy communications is very likely different to the author of the Riverside communications, but I thought it was a noteworthy addition to ponder in light of recent developments.  

If the wording of the Confession letter had been withheld from the newspapers in 1966, it would make any similarities between the Confession letter and Riverside Desktop Poem more significant. It appears that the majority of the text from the Confession letter wasn't released until November 1968, when it was published in the Press-Enterprise newspaper. Here is a brief section from a previous article:making a comparison between the Desktop Poem and Confession letter, both of which begin with a title.

​The title of the Desktop Poem was "Sick of living/unwilling to die".  When we look at the Confession letter the author types two sentences carrying the similar wording of "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "she went very willingly".  The Confession letter author also typed "I am not sick. I am insane". In other words, the Desktop Poem title is embedded in the story of the Confession letter. The Desktop Poem concludes with the wording "She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time", suggestive of an impending death - and mirrored in the Confession letter when the author types the word "time" on a further three occasions and utilizes the word "die" in the same string of wording, by stating "When we were away from the library walking, I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die".   

Is this enough correlation to point to one author of the Riverside Desktop Poem and Confession letter? And could the author of the Bates letters (whoever that may be) be responsible for the two previous communications. Recently, the Riverside Police Department have stated that somebody contacted them via a letter in 2016 claiming responsibilty for the three Bates letters postmarked April 30th 1967. "The author apologized for sending the letters and said it was a sick joke. The author admitted that he was not the Zodiac killer or the killer of Cheri Jo Bates and was just looking for attention". But was the individual who made this admission in 2016 telling the truth? Despite the three Bates letters containing only eight words, they managed to continue the theme of the previous two communications in 1966. The Desktop Poem was titled "Sick of living/unwilling to die". The Confession letter harbored the wording "I said it was about time for her to die" (meaning Bates had to die). Then, five months later, the three Bates letters contained the wording "Bates had to die there will be more" and "She had to die there will be more". In addition, all three communications ended with the threat of further murder. The ending of each carried the wording "Just wait till next time", "I am stalking your girls now" and "There will be more". It is also noteworthy that the Zodiac Killer never wrote the wording "to die", "die" or "died" in any of his communications spanning eighteen years.

Here is some additional information regarding the Confession letter. Before the development of photographic copiers, a carbon copy was the under-copy of a typed or written document placed over carbon paper and the under-copy sheet itself (not to be confused with the carbon print family of photographic reproduction processes). When copies of business letters were so produced, it was customary to use the acronym "CC" or "cc" before a colon and below the writer's signature to inform the principal recipient that carbon copies had been made and distributed to the parties listed after the colon. With the advent of word processors and e-mail, "cc" is used as a merely formal indication of the distribution of letters to secondary recipients. A sheet of carbon paper is placed between two or more sheets of paper. The pressure applied by the writing implement (pen, pencil, typewriter or impact printer) to the top sheet causes pigment from the carbon paper to reproduce the similar mark on the copy sheet(s). More than one copy can be made by stacking several sheets with carbon paper between each pair. Four or five copies is a practical limit. The top sheet is the original and each of the additional sheets is called a carbon copy. A sheet of carbon paper is placed between two or more sheets of paper. The pressure applied by the writing implement (pen, pencil, typewriter or impact printer) to the top sheet causes pigment from the carbon paper to reproduce the similar mark on the copy sheet(s). More than one copy can be made by stacking several sheets with carbon paper between each pair. Four or five copies is a practical limit. The top sheet is the original and each of the additional sheets is called a carbon copy. Wikipedia. .

Robert Graysmith in Zodiac Unmasked stated "November 29, 1966. Two carbon copies of a "confession" letter sent to the press and Riverside Police. Zodiac typed on a sandwich of Teletype paper and carbon paper and mailed the faintest, the fourth and fifth impressions. The original typed top page was never sent". Ordinarily it is wise to double check anything Robert Graysmith claimed, however, in this instance his claims appear to concur with Wikipedia that four or five copies is perfectly feasible in this instance. The fact that the Confession letter was cut at the top and bottom suggests the paper used was taken from a Teletype roll

There is a reasonable argument to be had, that the Confession letter mailed on November 29th 1966 was created by the same author as the Riverside Desktop Poem, with both being created at around the same time by somebody who had access to the Riverside library photocopier and the desktops themselves - possibly a young student who lived in Riverside and attended the college. The author of the Riverside Desktop Poem may have split his poem into two parts: The first part reminiscing in the present tense about the April 1965 attempted murder of a young female student on the Riverside City College campus, who narrowly escaped death after being stabbed by Rolland Taft. A newspaper article entitled "Clean-cut Youth Sought In Stabbing" was released shortly after the attack, that seemed to mirror the opening two words of the Riverside Desktop Poem, and detailed on Ricardo Gomez's MK Zodiac website. The first part of the poem was correct when it asserted "she won't die, this time someone'll find her". The young woman fled the attack and sought help from a nearby residence and was rushed to hospital. The second part of the poem reminisced in the present tense that the next woman would not be so lucky, by stating "Just wait till next time. r h." That person may have been Cheri Jo Bates, brutally stabbed on October 30th 1966 close to the Riverside City College library annex and found on Halloween morning. The newspapers detailed that screams were heard on the night of October 30th 1966 but that her body was discovered the morning of Halloween, so the author of the Desktop Poem may have been using this date when he added Riverside, Halloween at the end of the poem.   

If the wording of the Confession letter had been withheld from the newspapers in 1966, it would make any similarities between the Confession letter and Riverside Desktop Poem more significant. It appears that the majority of the text from the Confession letter wasn't released until November 1968, when it was published in the Press-Enterprise newspaper. Let us make a comparison between the Desktop Poem and Confession letter, both of which begin with a title. The title of the Desktop Poem was "Sick of living/unwilling to die".  When we look at the Confession letter the author types two sentences carrying the similar wording of "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "she went very willingly".  The Confession letter author also typed "I am not sick. I am insane". In other words, the Desktop Poem title is embedded in the story of the Confession letter. The Desktop Poem concludes with the wording "She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time", suggestive of an impending death - and mirrored in the Confession letter when the author types the word "time" on a further three occasions and utilizes the word "die" in the same string of wording, by stating "When we were away from the library walking, I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die".   

There is every chance that the author of these two communications was a young prankster connected to the Riverside City College campus and library, who had knowledge of both attacks in 1965 and 1966, and gleaned everything about these two young women from the newspapers. The connection to both these attacks can be reasoned in the Riverside Desktop Poem, along with the claim of one author being responsible for both communications by the very wording they utilized.   

Rolland Taft was sentenced to 6 months to 20 years for the attempted murder of a young female student on the Riverside College campus in April 1965. She attended evening classes as a student of the college. Taft served 2 1/2 years and was released in 1968. The female victim suffered severe knife wounds in the attack but was able to escape and seek help from her neighbors. On April 17th 1965 The Press-Enterprise ran an article about the attempted murder, running with the headline Clean-Cut Youth Sought in Stabbing. This headline is extremely reminiscent of how the poem on the Riverside Desktop Poem began, with "clean" and "cut" used in each instance. So was the author of the Riverside Desktop Poem familiar with this crime, causing him to reminisce about it as he constructed the poem on the plywood desk?

If the author of the Desktop Poem was referring to this attempted murder, then he was clearly of the opinion that the young girl was stabbed while wearing a new red dress. The poem read "blood, spurting, dripping, spilling; all over her new dress. Oh well, it was red anyway".  The author was referring to past events, fully aware that she didn't die after the attack because someone found her bleeding outside their house and sought help.

Cragle, a regular poster on both forums, is attempting to locate some historic newspaper articles describing the attempted murder in the hope there is mention of the girl's attire that evening. If no newspaper articles or media coverage mentioned her new red dress, it may suggest that the author of the Desktop Poem knew Rolland Taft and the details surrounding the attack - or he knew the young victim and knew first-hand what she was wearing on that fateful evening in 1965. This could indicate that he attended the Riverside City College as a fellow student, with access to the plywood desk in order to write the poem. The most crucial aspect of the poem is the final section, which carries the foreboding message of "She won't die. This time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time. rh". In other words, this girl didn't die by knife, but the next girl will. The author may have written this poem prior to the murder of Cheri Jo Bates on October 30th 1966, with the rh at the foot of the poem a place and time prediction  - that of Cheri Jo Bates in Riverside on Halloween. The murderer of Cheri Jo Bates may have been attempting to lure her to a secondary location to kill her but her valiant struggle against her attacker may have thwarted his plans and resulted in the Halloween prediction falling short by 75 minutes.

The impressionable author of the Riverside Desktop Poem could conceivably have been a student of the college, who was inspired by the attempted murder of Miss Atwood. He could also have known the young woman and studied alongside her. Wherever she had been that fateful evening on April 13th 1965, possibly wearing a brand new red dress, he may have been present. This would be the only reasonable conclusion had she been wearing a red dress and these details were not mentioned in any media coverage (and he didn't know Rolland Taft). If the author of the Desktop Poem was the author of The Confession letter, then the mention of "brush offs" in a seemingly immature typed letter, could place the person responsible for both in the age range of Miss Atwood (19) and Miss Bates (18)- and very likely somebody connected to the Riverside City College.