The image on the left is described by Wikipedia as the "typewritten confession received by Riverside police and the Riverside Press-Enterprise November 29, 1966". This statement is seemingly at odds with what has been released, because the typewritten message shown in the image on the left was sent to the Riverside Press-Enterprise, and is different to the typewritten message shown on most of the websites and forums on the internet. The Confession letter widely shown on the internet, stamped as having been submitted to the FBI laboratory, is not the same letter shown in the image on the left. When you enlarge and examine the letter on the left, there are at least ten major differences in text compared to the one widely viewed on the internet. The whole structure and sentencing is also different.

In other words, we have to contemplate that the author of the two Confession letters typed two individual correspondences on plain white paper to the value of fourth or fith generation, using carbon paper. A quick look at the image on the left compared to the one with FBI laboratory stamped on it, will show three noticeable differences immediately. The length of underscores after BY are different in each instance. THE CONFESSION title above is underlined, which isn't the case on the FBI laboratory image shown by clicking the link above. The CC. CHIEF OF POLICE ENTERPRISE list of recipients is further from the left margin and a line further down in the image shown above, compared to the image stamped with FBI laboratory. The image widely shown on the internet (and in the link above), should in theory have been addressed to the Riverside police because it is different to the Riverside Press-Enterprise version. Below is the image of the Confession letter widely viewed on the internet (which should have been addressed to the Riverside police). Beneath that is the Confession letter sent to the Press-Enterprise, highlighting ten major differences. The only other explanation for two versions, is that the widely shown Confession letter is a product of having been retyped for greater clarity by law enforcement personnel, but somehow was retyped incorrectly, adding spelling mistakes, correcting spelling mistakes, attempting to correct spelling mistakes but replacing the word with another misspelling, removing sections of typing such as the XXX on the fifth row, and altering words such as "finished the job out" to "finished the job by". One would have thought this would have been done professionally, had the Riverside Police Confession letter sent by the author been the same as the Press-Enterprise version.  

THE CONFESSION LETTER - RIVERSIDE POLICE ​

Therefore, attempting to fit an author's name after BY to align to a particular suspect may be negated by the differing lengths of the underscores in each Confession letter. The author of the Confession letters would also have gained and lost the ability to spell (as well as misspelling the same word twice) between each communication. But why would the author bother to type out two separate and unique communications, when they could have sent the fourth and fifth generation carbon copies from the first typing? Whatever the case, the "ripped at both ends" version sent to the Press-Enterprise (shown in the photograph with the scissors) is an unadulterated version typed by the author. The other version has either been retyped by law enforcement (or under instruction from law enforcement), or was a completely different version sent by the original author.

In 2016 investigators received a communication from an individual in San Bernardino who claimed that he had authored the three Bates letters on April 30th 1967, stating he was a troubled teenager at the time he sent the trinity of malicious handwritten letters to the Riverside Police Department, Riverside Press-Enterprise newspaper and Joseph Bates. In 2020, four years after the admission in the 2016 communication, the Homicide Cold Case Unit and the FBI Los Angeles Investigative Genealogy Team submitted the stamp for additional DNA analysis and subsequent interviews were conducted. The individual linked to the DNA evidence on the (2016) stamp admitted to writing the (2016) letter and sending it to Riverside Police Department. 

It appears from the wording in the statement that it was the additional DNA testing that unearthed the identity of the 2016 author. But why did it take four years from receiving the 2016 letter until further DNA testing identified the sender, when you consider that the Riverside Police Department have always had their sights set on an individual for the murder of Cheri Jo Bates, who went by the fictitious name of "Bob Barnett"? It isn't beyond the realms of possibility that when the Riverside Police Department received this 2016 communication from somebody alleging he was not the Zodiac Killer or the killer of Cheri Jo Bates, he may very well have been the murderer in the case of Cheri Jo Bates, playing more games with police as he did in 1967. Investigators obviously found the 2016 communication compelling enough to consider it for DNA testing in 2020, rather than just dismiss it as another hoax letter. They must have received many crank communications down the years regarding the murder of Cheri Jo Bates and the associated communications in the case, so what set the 2016 letter apart for the FBI Los Angeles Investigative Genealogy Team to get involved? Or do they routinely DNA every crank letter making claims or admitting some responsibility to the events in 1966 and 1967? I highly doubt it.

The Riverside Police Department further stated that "Additional information was developed regarding a separate set of letters sent to Northern California police agencies. The author claimed to be the "Zodiac Killer", but the author ultimately admitted to sending the letters to keep the investigation going". The wording here (like the rest of the statement) is extremely ambiguous, but the way it is constructed in contemporary fashion using "additional information was developed", appears to suggest that the author of the 2016 letter was ultimately claiming responsibility for several letters sent to Northern California police agencies. The reason for believing this to be the case, is that no known set of letters claiming to be from the Zodiac Killer in Northern California were ever mailed to police agencies to "keep the investigation going".

​All but two of the authenticated and unauthenticated Zodiac letters we know of currently, were mailed to newspapers not police agencies. The letters to a police agency in Northern California from 1969 to 2001 were mailed to the San Jose Police Department on November 21st 1969 (which threatened a widow), and the August 10th 1969 Concerned Citizen card to Sergeant John Lynch of the Vallejo Police Department. But this wasn't a set of letters, or letters designed to keep the investigation going. One way in which the Riverside Police Department could have judged the authenticity of the individual's claims in 2016 would have been to request details of the further hoax letters he mailed to Northern California claiming to be the "Zodiac Killer" and attempting to keep the investigation going. Had Riverside Police Department checked these further claims and verified them, it would have given more credence to this individual that he was a serial hoaxer involved in manufacturing the three Bates letters. These further hoax Zodiac letters and the way they were written and designed could be the key to the confidence displayed in the recent statement from the Riverside Police Department. 

The first time it was widely known of the Zodiac Killer connection to the Cheri Jo Bates murder case, was when Paul Avery wrote extensively about this in the San Francisco Chronicle on November 16th 1970 in an article entitled New Evidence in Zodiac Killings. It read "On April 30, 1967, exactly six months after the killing, three stamped letters - addressed to the Press-Enterprise, the police, and cruelly, to the slain girl's father - were dropped into a city mailbox. BATES HAD TO DIE THERE WILL BE MORE was printed in large scrawled letters on each of the notes penciled on pages of lined 3-hole school paper".  So any additional hoax letters created to keep the Zodiac investigation going, mailed by the 2016 claimant of the three Bates letters, likely came when he saw the connection between the Riverside and Northern California murders. This article may have been the incentive to project himself into the Zodiac case and mail additional hoax letters to Northern California police agencies. Assuming these further letters were retained, it could have been a simple case of interviewing the 2016 individual and asking him where he mailed these additional letters from (and their content), and cross-checking the postmark to verify his claims. Four months after the Paul Avery article, somebody claiming to be the Zodiac Killer decided to shift his letter writing from the San Francisco Chronicle to the Los Angeles Times, because "they don't bury me on the back pages like some of the others". The author of the March 13th 1971 Los Angeles letter begrudgingly  acknowledged the authorities for stumbling across his Riverside activity, adding that there was a hell of a lot more down there. Downtown Los Angeles is about 60 miles west of San Bernardino. 

The three Bates letters have become very topical at the moment based on Riverside police claiming an individual hoaxed the three handwritten communications. They stated "In April 2016, investigators received an anonymous letter postmarked from San Bernardino, California. This letter was typed and appeared to have been generated from a computer. The author of the anonymous letter admitted to writing the hand written letters. The author apologized for sending the letters and said it was a sick joke. The author admitted that he was not the Zodiac killer or the killer of Cheri Jo Bates and was just looking for attention. In 2020, the Homicide Cold Case Unit and the FBI Los Angeles Investigative Genealogy Team, submitted the stamp from the letter for additional DNA analysis and subsequent interviews were conducted. The individual linked to the DNA evidence on the stamp admitted to writing the letter and sending it to Riverside Police Department. The author was a young teenager at the time and had a troubled youth. He said he wrote the letter seeking attention and was remorseful for his actions".

​However, we cannot say with certainty based on this statement, whether the individual in 2016 was telling the truth. Recently I made a comparison between the Riverside Desktop Poem, the Confession Letter and Bates Letters, as follows: If the wording of the Confession letter had been withheld from the newspapers in 1966, it would make any similarities between the Confession letter and Riverside Desktop Poem more significant. It appears that the majority of the text from the Confession letter wasn't released until November 1968, when it was published in the Press-Enterprise newspaper. The title of the Desktop Poem was "Sick of living/unwilling to die".  When we look at the Confession letter the author types two sentences carrying the similar wording of "She was then very willing to talk to me" and "she went very willingly".  The Confession Letter author also typed "I am not sick. I am insane". In other words, the Desktop Poem title is embedded in the story of the Confession Letter. The Desktop Poem concludes with the wording "She won't die, this time someone'll find her. Just wait till next time", suggestive of an impending death - and mirrored in the Confession Letter when the author types the word "time" on a further three occasions and utilizes the word "die" in the same string of wording, by stating "When we were away from the library walking, I said it was about time. She asked me "about time for what". I said it was about time for her to die".  The Riverside Desktop Poem contained the words "to die". The Confession Letter harbored the wording "I said it was about time for her to die" (meaning Bates had to die). Then, five months later, the three Bates Letters contained the wording "Bates had to die there will be more" and "She had to die there will be more".  

​Just over one year later, somebody wrote a series of 5 handwritten letters to Edward Kennedy, Joseph P. Kennedy, Ethel Kennedy and Adlai Stevenson in the June and July of 1968 with various threats. One of which was addressed to Mr. Joseph P. Kennedy, Brookline, Massachusetts and postmarked West Palm Beach, Florida on June 17th 1968. The Confession letter author remarked that "I lay awake nights thinking about my next victom", and seemingly deliberately misspelled the word "victim" by typing "victom" instead. The handwritten note to Joseph Kennedy followed a similar pattern to the Confession Letter, stating "Do you propose "Tedd" to be the next victum", but this time spelling "victim" as "victum".. 

A short time earlier, on June 14th 1968, a handwritten letter to Mrs. Ethel Kennedy, Hickory Hill, McClean, Virginia, postmarked Boston, Massachusetts was received at Senator Kennedy's offices, stating that "Jack had to die. Bobby had to die. Teddy has to die". The three Bates letters contained the threats of "Bates had to die", "Bates had to die" and "She had to die". The author below wasn't "sick of living" however, he was sick of the Kennedy's. The author of the five Kennedy communications is very likely different to the author of the Riverside communications, but I thought it was a noteworthy addition to ponder in light of recent developments.  

Professor D.C.B. Marsh told the San Francisco Examiner on October 22nd 1969: "The killer wouldn't dare, as he claimed in letters to the newspapers, to reveal his name in the cipher to established cryptogram experts. He knows, to quote Edgar Allan Poe, that any cipher created by man can be solved by man. Zodiac has not told the truth in his cipher messages to the Examiner, the Chronicle and the Vallejo Times-Herald. Zodiac has not done this, because to tell the complete truth in relation to his name - in cipher code - would lead to his capture. I invite Zodiac to send The American Cryptogram Association a cipher code - however complicated - which will truly and honestly include his name".

​The Zodiac Killer responded on November 8th 1969 by using the scytale method of decryption featured at the top of Poe's essay A Few Words On Secret Writing. Or should I say, it can be used to crack the 340 cipher encrypted message, that contained the wording "one in paradice" just like Edgar Allen Poe's poem to his dead wife entitled "To One In Paradise". The next method of encryption in Poe's A Few Words On Secret Writing involved splitting the alphabet A to M and N to Z (two sections of thirteen) mirroring the Zodiac's 13 character code which began with A and ended with M - and because of the distinct lack of characters in this code - it has been considered unsolvable using standard cryptographic methods.

​The Zodiac seemingly didn't supply us with a key to this code in later communications, leading me to believe that the key or answer lies in the Edgar Allen Poe essay mentioned above. I believe the answer to the code is ​"This is the Zodiac speaking. By the way have you cracked the last cipher I sent you? My name is....Fk, I'm crackproof, in which each element of the phrase is begun by each of the circled eights, thereby creating an infinite circular cipher (hence the circled 8's which represent infinity and a new beginning). The Zodiac Killer may have supplied us with the answer to the Z13 code in the 13-Hole postcard on October 5th 1970 in which he configured the punched holes in an arrangement of 10 to 3, pinpointing the position of the three eights, and supplying the answer of Fk, I'm crackproof. Using Edgar Allen Poe's reasoning in A Few Words On Secret Writing, I can now place five letters in the correct position within the 13 character code, albeit not to my complete satisfaction.  

Here is a section of reasoning from Edgar Allen Poe's A Few Words On Secret Writing where A can represent N and vice versa, where B can represent O and vice versa, and where C can represent P and vice versa. But he also makes a point of saying A might stand for P (or vice vera). This is where I shall jump into the code using a trial and error approach. 

If A can stand for P, I shall place P above the A in the beginning of the Z13 code like so:

If A can stand for P, and P can also represent C, then A can also stand for C. So let us insert the letter C above A in the Z13 code.

If A can represent N and vice versa, B can represent O and vice versa, and C can represent P and vice versa, then E can represented R. So let us place R in the Z13 code.

Edgar Allen Poe stated that N can represent A, so let us place A above the second N in the Z13 code:

If A can stand for P, and P can also represent C, then A can also stand for C. This means that if M can stand for X, and X can represent K, then M can also stand for K (just like A stood for C). So let us insert K into the Z13 code:

If the K and M between the three eights are representative of themselves as I have previously surmised, then we have the beginning of the answer to the Z13 code. But without this assumption, we have five letters inserted that mirror the previous solution I have suggested - all reasoned from Edgar Allen Poe's essay. It's not perfect, but it's a start.