ZODIAC CIPHERS
Richard Grinell, Coventry, England
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ZODIAC & COMPANY

10/12/2016

 
The following will explore the possibility that two people were in fact the 'Zodiac Killer', briefly touched upon in a previous Lake Herman Road article entitled 'Lake Herman Road-The Ballistics Report.' This is not necessarily a held opinion, but the idea of more than one person in some way being involved has long been touted in numerous postings, so is worthy of investigation. Let us start at the beginning with some observations noted at Lake Herman Road.

The first interesting aspect of the December 20th 1968 murders was that the bullet fired into David Faraday did not contain the same class characteristics as the other seven submitted bullets. What the Department of Justice report actually said was 'All bullets submitted were Western copper coated .22 long rifle bullets, although some were damaged, it was possible to determine ALL but Item [1] had 6 right hand groove class characteristics.'  Item [1] was the bullet recovered from David Faraday. This doesn't categorically separate this bullet as being fired from a second weapon, but it certainly opens up the possibility, as it couldn't be definitively linked to the other seven bullets. Furthermore, only nine casings were documented in the police report and the Department of Justice report, when clearly ten casings were ejected from the weaponry that night and explicitly marked in numerous police sketches. So why did this tenth casing, described by Zodiac and depicted in the police sketches, seemingly disappear on its journey from the crime scene to the Department of Justice evidence room. In all likelihood, it is because this casing was the one discovered on the front passenger side floorboard of the Rambler, either left in situ purposely or inadvertently when the Rambler of David Faraday was towed away, but which ultimately became separated from the other nine. Having never been tested, we will never know if this 'missing' tenth casing matches the other nine from a ballistics standpoint. Had it displayed unique characteristics, then there remains a strong possibility that this casing could have been the one ejected from the bullet fired into David Faraday's brain - as this was the only bullet not linked the other seven. This would open up the notion of a second weapon that night, or likely a second shooter - but without the tenth casing being unearthed, this remains just speculation. See Lake Herman Road-The Ballistics Report. 
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It has been suggested that one person may have written the letters to the newspapers, while the other was the killer. But it is equally possible both participated in the murders, while one or both wrote the correspondence. It is easy to scrutinize every word penned by the author of the Zodiac letters, and interpret the wording in a multitude of different ways. One such example is present in the 'Debut of Zodiac' letter, received by the San Francisco Examiner on August 4th 1969.

Imagine that two attackers were present at Lake Herman Road, and as inferred above, one was responsible for the close quarter execution of David Faraday, while the other was responsible for the remaining nine shots. In other words, the second shooter had a containing role, securing David Faraday as he left the Rambler. If this were the case, it could be inferred that the assailant who murdered Betty Lou Jensen was the author of the 'Debut of Zodiac' letter and wrote "What I did was tape a small pencel flash light to the barrel of my gun. If you notice, in the center of the beam of light if you aim it at a wall or ceiling you will see a black or darck spot in the center of the circle of light about 3 to 6 inches across. When taped to a gun barrel, the bullet will strike in the center of the black dot in the light. All I had to do was spray them as if it was a water hose; there was no need to use the gun sights". He did essentially "spray" Betty Lou Jensen with five bullets, but he didn't 'spray them', so he could be writing about the events that night from his perspective, not his accomplice's - who may have clinically murdered David Faraday with a single bullet and suggested at the beginning of this article.

Another example of interpretation can be found in the wording on the first three letters mailed on July 31st 1969, where the author stated alongside part one of the cipher "the other 2 parts have been mailed to the S.F. Examiner + the S.F. Chronicle". Alongside parts two and three of the cipher the author stated "the other 2 parts of this cipher are being mailed to the editors of the Vallejo Times and SF Examiner". and uses the present tense of "are being mailed". On all three correspondences the author is tending towards the third person perspective. This is most unlike the Zodiac, who would usually not fail to refer to himself, such as "I have mailed the other two parts of the cipher."  Clearly though, this boils down to the subjectivity of the reader and the dissection of such material.      


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The final observation, is the encounter of William Crow approximately 90 minutes prior to the Lake Herman Road double murder, in which he detailed being chased by another vehicle occupied by two male Caucasians. If his account is true, then this suspicious activity so close to the actual time of the murders has to be considered one of, if not the most significant feature of the night's events when searching for suspects. Most telling, was that these two individuals never came forward and were never located. There are many reasons why individuals do not come forward - one being the fear of being turned from eyewitness into the accused, although guilt would certainly head the list. Taking the ballistics from above and linking it to these two white males is certainly worthy of consideration, albeit a little simplistic.

Did these two individuals reappear just over six months later, both of whom were possibly sighted and recalled by Michael Mageau, who survived the horrific onslaught at Blue Rock Springs Park on July 4th 1969. Michael Mageau would recount two significant sightings that night. Firstly, the vehicle that pulled up alongside Darlene Ferrin's brown Corvair - and either this vehicle returning five minutes later to the rear of their Corvair - or a second vehicle now entering the scene, implying that two males may be involved in the crime. Michael Mageau stated in the police report "Shortly after this and about 5 minutes before the shooting occurred, a vehicle pulled into the lot, coming from the direction of Springs Road and Vallejo. The driver turned the lights off on the car and pulled around to the left or east side of their car, approximately 6 or 8 feet away and sat there for a minute. He asked Dea if she knew who it was and she stated 'Oh, never mind'".
 
The Zodiac Killer appeared bold and brazen, particularly at Lake Berryessa and Presidio Heights, where he took enormous risks beyond what was required to execute his murders. The wearing of an elaborate costume, the writing on the car door, and the murder of Paul Stine in the heart of San Francisco (that included the tearing of Paul Stine's shirt), yet here, if we contend that both these sightings by Michael Mageau were of the Zodiac Killer, then the hesitancy looks out of place. When the first vehicle pulled into the parking lot it was empty, other than Darlene's Corvair. Why not pull up behind the intended victims, as in the second instance, and begin the attack? It could be argued that the first vehicle which pulled up alongside the Corvair was a totally innocent motorist, but the parking lot was totally empty, so why pull alongside the only other vehicle and extinguish the car's lights for upwards of a minute? This could be construed as suspicious activity in the run up to the attack at Blue Rock Springs, in similar fashion to Lake Herman Road - and again - as with Lake Herman Road, this person (if innocent) never came forward as an eyewitness to this crime and has never been traced. Three significant eyewitnesses over three murders that all failed to make themselves available.                     

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The Zodiac would remind us of his individuality just two days after the murder of Paul Stine on October 11th 1969, "I am the same man who did in the people in the north bay area". We do not know exactly what alerted the three teenagers to the unfolding events outside their home that night, but it was apparently not the gunshot, as they stated they heard no firearm being discharged that night. Therefore, it cannot be stated with any certainty that the man they observed in the front passenger seat of the taxicab was actually the killer of Paul Stine. In fact, we do not know exactly how long the taxicab was present at the intersection of Washington and Cherry Street prior to the teenagers looking out of their upstairs window. We can only determine that the person observed inside the taxicab was likely responsible for the removal of the shirt piece and the wiping down of the taxicab.

​It is perfectly feasible that two people were inside Paul Stine's taxicab as it approached the corner of Washington and Cherry just before 9:55 pm. The first person shot Paul Stine and immediately left the scene, taking the 'smoking gun' with him. The second person remained to secure the shirt piece and wipe down the taxicab. Had the second person still been inside the taxicab as police approached, he could just claim to be a witness to the murder or aftermath - and seeing a taxicab driver had been injured or shot, had entered the taxicab to assist the driver. After all, this accomplice would have been devoid of any firearm and incriminating gunshot residue, so how could he be the shooter? The tearing of any shirt (had this been noticed) could be attributed to first aid, acquiring material to staunch the blood loss. However, as police had not arrived in time, any back up plan was not required and the accomplice headed north along Cherry Street.  

It would have been an extremely audacious act to have shot a taxicab driver in a built up area, only yards from nearby residences, and then have taken the time to carefully tear a rectangular section of Paul Stine's shirt while still in possession of the only item that would inextricably link you to the crime - the smoking gun. The same could be said of remaining at the scene after the Lake Berryessa double stabbing, and taking the time to write on the car door of Bryan Hartnell's 1956 White Karmann Ghia. Unless, both of these tasks were performed by an accomplice, thereby reducing the risk factor of each crime. 
It is actually impossible to disprove that two people were involved in the Zodiac crimes, as it is for multiple co-conspirators. It is equally impossible to prove a lone killer in all four confirmed attacks, as it simply boils down to what you believe. The murderer crafted an elaborate costume for the attack on Cecelia Shepard and Bryan Hartnell on September 27th 1969, but the creation of the 'Zodiac Killer' just prior to August 4th 1969 may have been the greatest disguise of them all.   
                

J. D.
10/25/2016 10:05:08 pm

I would have used your contact box, but since it is down I will just comment. I apologize for being off topic, and this may already be something that has been discussed even though I find no references to it. Are you familiar with the 1963 Ward Ritchie Press hardcover reproduction of an early Los Angeles directory with the crosshairs symbol adorning both the front and back cover?

Richard
10/27/2016 09:24:21 pm

In truth no, I have never heard of it. Like you I have attempted to search for it via Google, but can find nothing. Other than a library search, I am at a loss, but will keep looking for a while JD.

Richard
10/27/2016 09:26:46 pm

Is this the directory you are referring to;
http://www.ebay.ca/itm/1872-FIRST-Los-Angeles-City-and-County-Directory-Ward-Ritchie-Press-1963-/162165363102?hash=item25c1cf119e

Richard
10/27/2016 09:28:47 pm

When you land on the link, the crosshairs image is below the main image. Scroll down on page.

Richard
10/27/2016 09:33:59 pm

This is something I have never discussed previously or have read on any Zodiac site. What are your thoughts.

J.D.
10/28/2016 01:49:51 am

Yes, regarding the link, that is the book. It was a limited release of only 1000 copies. My first thought was that it was a bizarre choice for a cover for a reproduction of a Los Angeles city directory, and intriguing from the standpoint that it resembles the zodiac symbol and came out in 1963. There are so many possible origins of the Zodiac symbol that I thought, "Why not?," although I think your previous posting of the Crosshairs over Riverside is far more interesting.

Here's a little blurb about Ward Ritchie:

"Always a collector, Ritchie considered himself among the less moneyed of the known bibliophiles and too poor to be a part of the fabled Zamorano Club when it was formed in 1928. So he started his own collector organization called the Rounce & Coffin Club. In 1934, he was welcomed into the elite group named for Agustin V. Zamorano, who brought the first printing press to California, and was an active member and speaker for six decades."

Richard
10/28/2016 02:49:44 am

Cheers for the background info JD. As regards the crosshairs symbol and why Zodiac chose it, is as you said many, from a gunsight, film leader, Celtic cross etc. We all have our thoughts, unfortunately it is one of those topics that is beyond proof, other than from mouth of the killer himself. This case has been dissected down in incredible detail and I'm not convinced we're any closer to the identity of the Zodiac Killer than we were 48 years ago, but we'll keep up the good fight, if nothing else.

Rob
10/28/2016 05:22:25 pm

The symbol is probably a printing registration mark: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_registration. The symbol may have served as a source of inspiration for Zodiac, but it's not unique to Ward Ritchie Press.

J.D.
11/8/2016 11:09:54 pm

It could very well be, but I'm thinking it had more to do with the club. Each member had their own symbol, and they used a design similar to the crosshairs back in 1953 for one of their catalogues. The circle in that design is in the form of the sun face, similar to the grandfather clock face design, and the lines are formed by the words "Western Books" horizontally, and "Twelfth Exhibition" vertically. I'm not so sure that the sun image is actually a reference to a clock face; it may actually be a nod to Ward Ritchie. His symbol in the club looks like a full moon face, although it could be the sun. Not saying that this has anything to do with Zodiac. Just interesting, that's all.

J.D.
11/9/2016 06:31:55 am

Which I guess I should say are probably nothing more than publication symbols, although they don't seem to add up to the corresponding members.

J.D.
11/10/2016 06:56:54 pm

Of course, at least one of the members was an engineer with Lockheed. That made me think about the military and aerospace, and that stamp with the moon shot on it.

sandy betts link
11/22/2017 06:23:51 pm

I was reading about all of the cars that were listed here ,as possibly being one that Zodiac used at Blue Rock Springs. The car I saw a few months before July 4th, was a light golden brown Mercury Comet . It was a small size car a bit larger than Darlene's car. A very conservative looking car, no chrome on the sides like many cars had back then. It wasn't at all like a Chevy Impala, it was smaller. Could someone check what the inside wheel base measurement would be in comparison to the measurement at Lake Berryessa? This car came out in 1963, with bucket seats and a center console, like the car that Kathleen Johns was in on March 22 1970. I saw one at a car show last yr, that had the Z logo on the fenders.This car matches what Mike Mageau described.I believe the color I saw was Palomino Gold?

Richard
11/23/2017 02:14:22 am

1963 Mercury Comet Coupe track width (front) 55 inches, rear 54.5 inches. Same for 1963 Sedan.
Track width is a measurement from tire center to tire center.
The Berryessa measurement was only from tire inside to tire inside, and that was- "The suspect track nearer the fence measured approximately 4 1/2 inches in width and showed a parallel tread design. This tread design was photographed by Sgt T Butler and then a plaster cast was made by reporting officer. The tire impression furthest from the fence measured approximately 5 1/2 inches in width. The distance between the inside of the left tread to the inside of the right tread measured approximately 52 inches."
So we have to add half tread width twice to get the track width (5 inches).
The suspect vehicle would have a track width of approximately 57 inches. The two 1963 Mercury examples would have a track width of 54.5 and 55 inches- therefore too low to be the suspect vehicle at Berryessa.
Got your email thanks.
This explains track width in more detail
http://www.zodiacciphers.com/zodiac-news/the-white-chevrolet-impala-part-3

sandy betts link
11/23/2017 10:39:32 am

Thank you very much for that information Richard! I am a bit confused about the model of car that could have been the Zodiac's at Lake B. The Impala has to be larger than the Mercury comet that I saw and couldn't have been the killers car , which was described by the three teen girls. Either they were mistaken about his car, or that was not Zodiac watching them sun bathe.I have seen my suspect driving a ice blue Lincoln with the tall tail lights.At night it looks white.

Richard
11/23/2017 11:08:19 am

I don't believe Zodiac parked his vehicle by Hartnell's Ghia, so I don't believe the tire impressions by his car have anything to do with Zodiac.
From what I have gathered Zodiac parked slightly north after the 3 girls sighting and Dr Clifton Rayfield & son David saw Zodiac returning to his vehicle after the stabbing. That is why they described him as wearing a shirt with "red in it." I believe it was blood and he was heading back to his vehicle on foot across the Berryessa slopes.
It is my opinion the tire tracks weren't Zodiac's, so I wouldn't worry too much if a suspect vehicle you had in mind doesn't match up.

sandy betts link
11/23/2017 09:36:02 pm

I would like to believe that as well, but how can we explain the killers shoe prints leading from Hartnell's car to those tire tracks behind Hartnell's car? The red that was seen on the black sweater, could have been a sweater that I have seen before. It is called a Moe hair sweater? (Not sure of the correct spelling?)
The threads are red and intermingle with the mostly black fibers. Blood on black doesn't look red, it looks brown like mud.The blood I saw on the black costume I thought was mud, that is how I know that for sure.

Richard
11/24/2017 12:19:18 am

Zodiac, I believe was scouring the hillside for vehicles, because vehicles equalled victims. He saw the Ghia, then walked down to the couple and back to write on the car door. That explains the footprints.
Zodiac hopping in his car at 6.30 pm and taking the journey to 1231 Main St is 50 min tops, likely less. That places him at the payphone at 7.15-7.20, far too early. But had he walked the 0.8 mile back north to his vehicle past Rayfield, this is a journey time of 20 mins, now making the phone call 7.35-7.40 pm, tying in nicely. I doubt he took a long route to the payphone or disposed of his gun and costume en route. Leaving ones vehicle behind the Ghia for 20-30 minutes while brutally stabbing a couple in daylight is asking to be identified. It would be like planning a murder at somebodies house and parking outside- not the act of genius.

sandy betts link
11/25/2017 05:47:55 pm

We will just have to agree to disagree. I have driven to that area countless times, never have I made it in less than an hour and I drive fast. The road has many sharp curves , winding most all of the way. If you end up behind someone who is driving slow, you have no way to pass them, unless they pull over to let you by. I think it took the ambulance close to an hour to get there and they would be going faster than most and using a siren to pass other cars. Parking a car 20 feet behind Hartnell's wouldn't be foolish, if the car couldn't be traced back to him. How many people would pay attention to a license plate going 40 miles an hr? People driving that road, had no idea that a murder was being committed by the driver of that car. He wasn't worried parking across the street from Darlene's and letting the babysitter see him. He also wasn't worried about being seen at Terry's or at the painting party. This killer doesn't worry about being seen at all.He knew he could look very different or blend right in. There would be no reason for him to walk to someone else's car parked behind Hartnell's. Those military boot prints went to that car not past it. They stopped where that car was parked , that is how they knew that was the killers car. I wish it wasn't his car, because then the teens who saw a guy that pretty much fit the killers description would carry some weight. Unless all three were mistaken about the car they saw? I don't want to sound like I am arguing, I am not trying to change anything, just stating what we have been told are the facts that match the evidence they had at that time.If I am correct about my suspect being Zodiac, he saw me point him out to the police the night he followed me from Vallejo to Napa. He didn't try to go further away to avoid the police who were looking at him as I pointed at him. He drove nonchalantly into the all night restaurants parking lot. He lacks the fear of being caught.


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    The Zodiac Killer may have given us the answer almost word-for-word when he wrote PS. The Mt. Diablo Code concerns Radians & # inches along the radians. The code solution identified was Estimate: Four Radians and Five Inches To read more, click the image.
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