On November 21st 1983 and July 31st 1986, the bodies of Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth were found raped and strangled in Narborough and Enderby in Leicestershire, England. These were the first murder cases ever solved using DNA technology.
The crimes were initially believed to have been committed by a mentally challenged 17-year-old by the name of Richard Buckland, who under questioning admitted the murder of Dawn Ashworth. That is until Alec Jeffries, who along with Peter Gill and Dave Werrett, developed the science of DNA fingerprinting - and with the cooperation of Leicestershire Constabulary - mass screened 5,500 men over a six month period. The perpetrator was not identified, because the guilty man had commandeered one of his work colleagues to stand in for him.
Ian Kelly admitted to fellow workers in a pub that he had given blood under the assumed identity of his colleague and was subsequently reported to police by a woman who overheard his admission. This ultimately led to the arrest of bakery worker, Colin Pitchfork on September 19th 1987, whose DNA fingerprint matched the semen samples recovered from both girls. It also exonerated Richard Buckland. Colin Pitchfork was sentenced to a minimum term of 30 years, later reduced to 28.
Ironically, the murder of Dawn Ashworth would come on the seventeen year anniversary of the trinity of Zodiac letters mailed to the San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Examiner and Vallejo Times-Herald on July 31st 1969 - and the subject of DNA speculation to this day. The Zodiac letters have undergone much scrutiny with regards to securing DNA from behind the envelope seals and stamps. But to this day, the case appears as cold as the night when David Faraday and Betty Lou Jensen were callously murdered in Benicia, California on December 20th 1968. There has been a raging debate on whether any Zodiac DNA exists on the letters from 1969 and 1970, either because of degradation, mishandling and bad storage. Or whether the Zodiac Killer ever licked the stamps and envelopes at all. This argument could be put to bed once and for all, by testing the 1986 and 1987 Zodiac letters. Incorrectly labelled as hoaxed letters, both communications can be linked by one author, as well as to the 1969 Vallejo Times-Herald envelope, which we know was mailed by the genuine Zodiac Killer.
The crimes were initially believed to have been committed by a mentally challenged 17-year-old by the name of Richard Buckland, who under questioning admitted the murder of Dawn Ashworth. That is until Alec Jeffries, who along with Peter Gill and Dave Werrett, developed the science of DNA fingerprinting - and with the cooperation of Leicestershire Constabulary - mass screened 5,500 men over a six month period. The perpetrator was not identified, because the guilty man had commandeered one of his work colleagues to stand in for him.
Ian Kelly admitted to fellow workers in a pub that he had given blood under the assumed identity of his colleague and was subsequently reported to police by a woman who overheard his admission. This ultimately led to the arrest of bakery worker, Colin Pitchfork on September 19th 1987, whose DNA fingerprint matched the semen samples recovered from both girls. It also exonerated Richard Buckland. Colin Pitchfork was sentenced to a minimum term of 30 years, later reduced to 28.
Ironically, the murder of Dawn Ashworth would come on the seventeen year anniversary of the trinity of Zodiac letters mailed to the San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Examiner and Vallejo Times-Herald on July 31st 1969 - and the subject of DNA speculation to this day. The Zodiac letters have undergone much scrutiny with regards to securing DNA from behind the envelope seals and stamps. But to this day, the case appears as cold as the night when David Faraday and Betty Lou Jensen were callously murdered in Benicia, California on December 20th 1968. There has been a raging debate on whether any Zodiac DNA exists on the letters from 1969 and 1970, either because of degradation, mishandling and bad storage. Or whether the Zodiac Killer ever licked the stamps and envelopes at all. This argument could be put to bed once and for all, by testing the 1986 and 1987 Zodiac letters. Incorrectly labelled as hoaxed letters, both communications can be linked by one author, as well as to the 1969 Vallejo Times-Herald envelope, which we know was mailed by the genuine Zodiac Killer.
These letters were mailed on May 6th 1986 and October 27th 1987, when police forces in America should have been well aware of the potential of DNA evidence after the two cases in England. Timothy Spencer became the first American murderer to be convicted using DNA evidence in 1988. Law enforcement at this juncture must have known the importance of evidence storage and preservation, that included both the 1986 and 1987 letters. Whether or not they initially ruled them out by the unscientific approach of handwriting analysis thirty-three years ago, this is not good enough reason to rule them out in 2020. Rather than flogging the 1969 and 1970 envelopes to death, which so far has generated little headway, these letters (which should have been stored correctly) have a greater potential for the discovery of DNA. Law enforcement should have been well aware of these latest advances in DNA technology by the close of the 1980s, but a common criminal may not have been up to speed. Both of these communications were mailed just prior to the conviction of Timothy Spencer.
Testing both letters would finally answer the crucial question to the satisfaction of everybody, of whether [1] The 1986 and 1987 letters were licked by the same author and sender, and [2] Whether either letters were licked at all. These communications should have been stored correctly (despite being deemed inauthentic by handwriting experts) - and if so - should be the first port of call in the search for DNA from the Zodiac Killer. But they won't be.
Testing both letters would finally answer the crucial question to the satisfaction of everybody, of whether [1] The 1986 and 1987 letters were licked by the same author and sender, and [2] Whether either letters were licked at all. These communications should have been stored correctly (despite being deemed inauthentic by handwriting experts) - and if so - should be the first port of call in the search for DNA from the Zodiac Killer. But they won't be.
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