ZODIAC CIPHERS
RICHARD GRINELL, COVENTRY, ENGLAND
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"IRON" AND "DEATH" IN THE Z340 AND Z38

1/15/2026

 
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On October 22nd 1969 Will Stevens published an article in the San Francisco Examiner, in which Professor Donald C. B. Marsh urged the killer to contact him in code, stating "The killer wouldn't dare, as he claimed in letters to the newspapers, to reveal his name in the cipher to established cryptogram experts. He knows, to quote Edgar Allan Poe, that any cipher created by man can be solved by man. Zodiac has not told the truth in his cipher messages to the Examiner, the Chronicle and the Vallejo Times-Herald. Zodiac has not done this, because to tell the complete truth in relation to his name - in cipher code - would lead to his capture. I invite Zodiac to send The American Cryptogram Association a cipher code - however complicated - which will truly and honestly include his name"

Professor Donald C. B. Marsh, by invoking the name of Edgar Allan Poe, was probably hoping that the Zodiac Killer was going to use techniques mentioned or used by Poe, making any future offering by Zodiac easier to solve. The next two ciphers/codes mailed by the Zodiac Killer can be linked to Poe's 1841 essay "A Few Words on Secret Writing" from the July edition of Graham's magazine. The scytale method of decryption featured by Poe can solve the 340 cipher. The immediate next passage of  A Few Words on Secret Writing further describes cryptographic techniques, showing the splitting of the alphabet into ABCDEFGHIJKLM and NOPQRSTUVWXYZ, creating two portions of thirteen letters. The Zodiac Killer's April 20th 1970 communication was a 13-Symbol cipher beginning with A and ending with M. Edgar Allan Poe then describes a cipher wheel that can be used to give a credible answer to the Z13 code. But of course, it doesn't end there.

PictureDAVID ORANCHAK
Not only did the Zodiac Killer use the encryption techniques described by Edgar Allan Poe, he may have embedded two of Edgar Allan's poems in the mechanics of the 340 cipher. Notable words from these two poems were visible when the cipher key was applied to the 340 cipher (before the period 19 shift was used to acquire the message). The presence of the second Edgar Allan Poe poem in the 340 cipher (after the key was applied) was highlighted by the author of the Z38 code mailed from Fairfield on December 7th 1969, who was undeniably the Zodiac Killer.

But let us deal with the first poem that was plainly visible in the deciphered 340 message, that read: I HOPE YOU ARE HAVING LOTS OF FUN IN TRYING TO CATCH ME - THAT WASN’T ME ON THE TV SHOW - WHICH BRINGS UP A POINT ABOUT ME - I AM NOT AFRAID OF THE GAS CHAMBER BECAUSE IT WILL SEND ME TO PARADICE ALL THE SOONER BECAUSE I NOW HAVE ENOUGH SLAVES TO WORK FOR ME WHERE EVERYONE ELSE HAS NOTHING WHEN THEY REACH PARADICE - SO THEY ARE AFRAID OF DEATH - I AM NOT AFRAID BECAUSE I KNOW THAT MY NEW LIFE IS LIFE WILL BE AN EASY ONE IN PARADICE DEATH.

"To One in Paradise" was written by Edgar Allan Poe. This poem was first published as part of the short story titled "The Visionary" (later retitled as "The Assignation"). The poem was also published under the names "To lanthe in Heaven" and "To One Beloved". The title "To One in Paradise" was used in the February 25th 1843 edition of the Philidelphia Saturday Museum. This poem was written after the death of Poe's wife. He writes that she was his life and he lived for her and now he looks forward to the future where they will be together again in death. link. Now let's look for the second poem by Edgar Allan Poe. When the Zodiac Killer mailed the Z38 code on December 7th 1969, he repeated two notable segments of ciphertext from the 340 cipher. The first four ciphertext characters, and the last five ciphertext characters (shown below). 

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This may not seem significant, until you consider that when the original 340 cipher was changed using the key, it created the words "IRON" and "DEATH" in these two exact positions (see below). Are we are expected to believe that when the author of the Z38 code selected these four and five sections of ciphertext from the 340 cipher, taken from the beginning and end of the cipher, he chose two legible words created by the 340 key by accident, which he should have had no knowledge of unless he was the Zodiac Killer. No hoaxer should have been aware of this fact and had the foresight to highlight these sections in the Z38 code. The person who created the Z38 code broke up the "Zodiac-like" pseudonym (ZO∆AIK) from the last row of the 340 cipher to create the word "death", something that would not have been expected from a hoaxer. The person who did this knew exactly what they were doing, because they created the 340 cipher.
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It must be remembered that Edgar Allan Poe wrote "To One in Paradise" upon the death of his beloved wife, Virginia Eliza Poe. But how can "IRON" and "DEATH" introduce a second Edgar Allan Poe poem into the equation? Edgar Allan Poe wrote "To One in Paradise" about the death of his wife, but this wasn't the only poem written by Poe about the death of Virginia. The inspiration for the second poem, "The Bells", was reported as coming from his friend, Marie Louise Shew, who likened the sound of the Fordham University bell made of "iron", to "death".
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​Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Bells" uses different types of bells (silver, gold, brazen, iron) as powerful metaphors for the stages of human life, from the joy and playfulness of childhood (silver sleigh bells) through the harmony of youth and marriage (golden bells), to the panic and chaos of maturity (brazen bells), culminating in the inescapable melancholy and terror of death (iron bells). Written at the end of his life, the poem's shifting sounds and increasing length mirror the journey from youthful delight to the despair and inevitability of mortality, exploring the passage of time and its emotional toll. Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Bells" was inspired by the sounds of bells from Fordham University's church while he lived nearby in the Bronx, New York, capturing the changing emotions of life, from youthful joy (silver bells) to despair and death (iron bells), a reflection of his own grief after his wife Virginia's passing.. Inspiration for the poem is often granted to Marie Louise Shew, a woman who had helped care for Poe's wife Virginia as she lay dying. One day, as Shew was visiting Poe at his cottage in Fordham, New York, Poe needed to write a poem but had no inspiration. Shew allegedly heard ringing bells from afar and playfully suggested to start there, possibly even writing the first line of each stanza.

I always wondered why these two prominent English words began and ended the 340 cipher after the key was applied to the original 340 ciphertext, and then highlighted by Zodiac in the Z38 code. The poems "The Bells" and "To One in Paradise" were written about the grief Edgar Allan Poe experienced upon the death of his wife, with "IRON", "DEATH" and "PARADISE" instrumental to both - which just happened to be present at the beginning and end of the Zodiac Killer's 340 cipher after the key was applied (although "one in paradice" was reversed at this point). Throw in the essay A Few Words on Secret Writing by Edgar Allan Poe, containing a technique that can solve Zodiac's 340 cipher (and a further technique that possibly influenced the design and solution of the Z13), and we have a story steeped in history. 

FURTHER READING: THE MECHANICS OF THE Z38 CODE 

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